Xiaohui Ye
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the architecture and performance studies of Datacenter Optical Switch (DOS) designed for scalable and high-throughput interconnections within a data center. DOS exploits wavelength routing characteristics of a switch fabric based on an Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR) that allows contention resolution in the wavelength domain. Simulation results indicate that DOS exhibits lower latency and higher throughput even at high input loads compared with electronic switches or previously proposed optical switch architectures such as OSMOSIS [4, 5] and Data Vortex [6, 7]. Such characteristics, together with very high port count on a single switch fabric make DOS attractive for data center applications where the traffic patterns are known to be bursty with high temporary peaks [13]. DOS exploits the unique characteristics of the AWGR fabric to reduce the delay and complexity of arbitration. We present a detailed analysis of DOS using a cycle-accurate network simulator. The results show that the latency of DOS is almost independent of the number of input ports and does not saturate even at very high (approx 90%) input load. Furthermore, we show that even with 2 to 4 wavelengths, the performance of DOS is significantly better than an electrical switch network based on state-of-the-art flattened butterfly topology.
- Al-Fares, M., et al., A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture, in ACM SIGCOMM'08, August 2008. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Greenberg, A., et al., VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network, in ACM SIGCOMM'09, August 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yang, H. and Yoo, S. J. B., Combined input and output all-optical variable buffered switch architecture for future optical routers, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 17, pp. 1292--1294, June 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Minkenberg, C., et al., Designing a Crossbar Scheduler for HPC Applications, IEEE Micro, vol. 26, pp. 58--71, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hemenway, R., et al., Optical-packet-switched interconnect for supercomputer applications, Journal of Optical Networks, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Liboiron-Ladouceur, O., et al., The Data Vortex Optical Packet Switched Interconnection Network, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 26, July 2008.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bergman, K., et al., Design, Demonstration and Evaluation of an All Optical Processor Memory-Interconnection Network for Petaflop Supercomputing, in ACS Interconnects Workshop, 2010. http://lightwave.ee.columbia.edu/?s=research&p=high-performance_computing_systems#dvGoogle Scholar
- Liboiron-Ladouceur, O., et al., Physical Layer Scalability of WDM Optical Packet Interconnection Networks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, pp. 262--270, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yoo, S. J. B., Optical packet and burst switching technologies for the future photonic Internet, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, pp. 4468--4492, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yoo, S. J. B., et al., Rapidly switching all-optical packet routing system with optical-label swapping incorporating tunable wavelength conversion and a uniform-loss cyclic frequency AWGR, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 14, pp. 1211--1213, 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kato, K., et al., 32x32 full-mesh (1024 path) wavelength-routing WDM networkbased on uniform-loss cyclic-frequency arrayed-waveguide grating, Electronics Letters, vol. 36, pp. 1294--1296, 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kim, J., et al., Flattened butterfly: a cost-efficient topology for high-radix networks, in ISCA'07, pp. 126--137, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benson, T., et al., Understanding data center traffic characteristics, in the 1st ACM workshop on Research on enterprise networking, pp. 65--72, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cisco Data Center Infrastructure 2.5 Design Guide. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/dcidg21.pdf.Google Scholar
- InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.0. http://www.infinibandta.org/specs.Google Scholar
- N. Farrington, et al., Helios: A Hybrid Electrical/Optical Switch Architecture for Modular Data Centers, in ACM SIGCOMM'10, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cianchetti, M. J., et al., Phastlane: a rapid transit optical routing network, in the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, pp. 441--450, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'Mahony, M. J., et al., The application of optical packet switching in future communication networks, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 39, p. 1280135, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Guillemot, C., et al., Transparent Optical Packet Switching: The European ACTS KEOPS Project Approach, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, pp. 2117--2134, 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Maier, et al., The Arrayed-Waveguide Grating-Based Single-Hop WDM Network: An Architecture for Efficient Multicasting, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 21, pp. 1414--1432, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bregni, S., et al., Architectures and Performance of AWG-Based Optical Switching Nodes for IP Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 21, pp. 1113--1121, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhong, W. D. and Tucker, R. S., Wavelength Routing-Based Photonic Packet Buffers and Their Applications in Photonic Packet Switching Systems, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, pp. 1737--1745, 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Banerjee, et al., Passive optical network architecture based on waveguide grating routers, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 16, pp. 1040--1050, Sept. 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chia, M. C., et al., Packet Loss and Delay Performance of Feedback and Feed-Forward Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings-Based Optical Packet Switches With WDM Inputs-Outputs, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 19, pp. 1241--1254, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Borgonovo, F., et al., On the design of optical deflection-routing networks, in INFOCOMM'94, pp. 120--129, 1994.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hsu, C.-F., et al., Performance Analysis of Deflection Routing in Optical Burst-Switched Networks, in INFOCOMM'02, pp. 66--73, 2002.Google Scholar
- Wang, X., et al., Burst optical deflection routing protocol for wavelength routing wdm networks, in Opticomm'00, pp. 257--266, 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Okamoto, S., et al., Optical path cross-connect node architectures for photonic transport network, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 14, pp. 1410--1422, Jun. 1996.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Papadimitriou, G. I., et al., Optical switching: Switch fabrics, techniques, and architectures, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 21, pp. 384--405, Feb. 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chiaroni, D., et al., Physical and logical validation of a network based on all-optical packet switching systems, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, pp. 2255--2264, Dec. 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hu, W. S. and Zeng, Q. J., Multicasting optical cross connects employing splitter-and-delivery switch, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 10, pp. 970--972, 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Varrazza, R., et al., Active Vertical-Coupler-Based Optical Crosspoint Switch Matrix for Optical Packet-Switching Applications, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 22, pp. 2034--2042, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vlachos, K. G., et al., STOLAS: Switching technologies for optically labeled signals, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 41, pp. S9--S15, Nov. 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhong, W. D., et al., Multiwavelength cross-connects for optical transport networks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 14, pp. 1613--1620, Jul. 1996.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yoo, S. J. B., Optical-label switching and routing by tunable wavelength conversion and uniform loss cyclic frequency array-waveguide grating, in OFC'01, WDD49, Mar. 2001.Google Scholar
- Hida, Y., et al., 400-channel arrayed-waveguide grating with 25 GHz spacing using 1.5%-Δ waveguides on 6-inch Si wafer, Electronics Letters, vol. 37, pp. 576--577, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Takada, K., et al., Low-Crosstalk 10-GHz-Spaced 512-Channel Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Multi/Demultiplexer Fabricated on a 4-in Wafer, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 13, pp. 1182--1184, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Rigole, P.-J., et al., 114-nm Wavelength Tuning Range of a Vertical Grating Assisted Codirectional Coupler Laser with a Super Structure Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 7, pp. 697--699, 1995.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Matsuo, S., et al., Stable and Fast Wavelength Switching in Digitally Tunable Laser Using Chirped Ladder Filter, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 13, pp. 1122--1128, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Engelstaedter, J. P., et al., Fast wavelength switching in interleaved rear reflector laser, in IPRM'10, pp. 1--3, 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dally, W. and Towles, B., Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agarwal, N., et al., GARNET: A detailed interconnection network model inside a full-system simulator, In ISPASS'09, pp. 33--42, Apr. 2009.Google Scholar
- Pfister, G., and Norton, V. A., "Hot spot" contention and combining in multistage interconnection networks, IEEE Trans. Comput. C-34, 10, pp. 943--948, 1985.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- DOS: a scalable optical switch for datacenters
Recommendations
BCCC: an expandable network for data centers
ANCS '14: Proceedings of the tenth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systemsMany server-centric data center network topologies have been proposed recently due to their significant advantage in cost-efficiency and data center agility, such as BCube, FiConn and BCN. However, existing server-centric topologies are either not ...
Blocking probability in optical interconnects in data center networks
Cloud computing and Web-based applications are creating a need for powerful data centers. Data centers have a great need for high bandwidth, low latency, low blocking probability, and low bit-error rate to sustain the interaction between different ...
On Nonblocking Multicast Fat-Tree Data Center Networks with Server Redundancy
Fat-tree networks have been widely adopted as network topologies in data center networks (DCNs). However, it is costly for fat-tree DCNs to support nonblocking multicast communication, due to the large number of core switches required. Since multicast is ...
Comments