skip to main content
research-article

Component-based modeling and verification of dynamic adaptation in safety-critical embedded systems

Published: 07 January 2011 Publication History

Abstract

Adaptation is increasingly used in the development of safety-critical embedded systems, in particular to reduce hardware needs and to increase availability. However, composing a system from many reconfigurable components can lead to a huge number of possible system configurations, inducing a complexity that cannot be handled during system design. To overcome this problem, we propose a new component-based modeling and verification method for adaptive embedded systems. The component-based modeling approach facilitates abstracting a composition of components to a hierarchical component. In the hierarchical component, the number of possible configurations of the composition is reduced to a small number of hierarchical configurations. Only these hierarchical configurations have to be considered when the hierarchical component is used in further compositions such that design complexity is reduced at each hierarchical level. In order to ensure well-definedness of components, we provide a model of computation enabling the formal verification of critical requirements of the adaptation behavior.

References

[1]
Adler, R., Schaefer, I., Schuele, T., and Vecchie, E. 2007. From model-based design to formal verification of adaptive embedded systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[2]
Agha, G. 1986. Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[3]
Atkinson, C., Bayer, J., Bunse, C., Kamsties, E., Laitenberger, O., Laqua, R., Muthig, D., Paech, B., Wust, J., and Zettel, J. 2002. Component-Based Product Line Engineering with UML. Addison-Wesley, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
[4]
Basu, A., Bozga, M., and Sifakis, J. 2006. Modeling heterogeneous real-time components in BIP. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 3--12.
[5]
Benveniste, A., Caspi, P., Edwards, S., Halbwachs, N., Le Guernic, P., and de Simone, R. 2003. The synchronous languages twelve years later. Proc. IEEE 91, 1.
[6]
Bures, T., Hnetynka, P., and Plasil, F. 2006. SOFA 2.0: Balancing advanced features in a hierarchical component model. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[7]
Burmester, S., Giese, H., Hirsch, M., Schilling, D., and Tichy, M. 2005. The Fujaba real-time tool suite: Model-driven development of safety-critical, real-time systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[8]
Clarke, E., Grumberg, O., and Peled, D. 1999. Model checking. MIT Press.
[9]
Damm, W., Votintseva, A., Metzner, A., Josko, B., Peikenkamp, T., and Bõde, E. 2005. Boosting re-use of embedded automotive applications through rich components. In Proceedings of the Foundations of Interface Technologies. Elsevier Science, Burlington, MA.
[10]
de Alfaro, L. and Henzinger, T. A. 2001. Interface automata. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering. ACM, New York, 109--120.
[11]
Eker, J., Janneck, J. W., Lee, E. A., Liu, J., Liu, X., Ludvig, J., Neuendorffer, S., Sachs, S., and Xiong, Y. 2003. Taming heterogeneity—the Ptolemy approach. Proc. IEEE. 91, 1, 127--144.
[12]
Geilen, M. and Basten, T. 2004. Reactive process networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software. ACM, New York.
[13]
Gjørven, E., Eliassen, F., and Rouvoy, R. 2008. Experiences from developing a component technology agnostic adaptation framework. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Component Based Software Engineering.
[14]
Harel, D. 1987. A visual formalism for complex systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 8, 3, 231--274.
[15]
Hnetynka, P. and Bures, T. 2007. Advanced features of hierarchical component models. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information System Implementation and Modeling.
[16]
Jantsch, A. 2004. Modeling Embedded Systems and SoCs. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.
[17]
Kemman, S. 2007. Tool supported specification of embedded component systems. Internal rep. Department of Component Engineering, Fraunhofer IESE.
[18]
Ledeczi, A., Maroti, M., Bakay, A., Karsai, G., Garrett, J., Thomason, C., Nordstrom, G., Sprinkle, J., and Volgyesi, P. 2001. The generic modeling environment. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[19]
Lee, E. A. and Xiong, Y. 2004. A behavioral type system and its application in Ptolemy II. Formal Aspects Comput. 16, 3.
[20]
Lyu, M. R. 1995. Software Fault Tolerance. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[21]
Manna, Z. and Pnueli, A. 1995. Temporal Verification of Reactive Systems: Safety. Springer, Berlin.
[22]
Mousavi, M. R., Reniers, M., Basten, T., and Chaudron, M. 2003. Separation of concerns in the formal design of real-time shared data-space systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[23]
Nipkow, T., Paulson, L., and Wenzel, M. 2002. Isabelle/HOL—A proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic. Springer, Berlin.
[24]
Plasil, F. and Visnovsky, S. 2002. Behavior protocols for software components. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 28, 11.
[25]
Rawashdeh, O. and Lumpp, J.E., J. 2006. Run-time behavior of Ardea: A dynamically reconfigurable distributed embedded control architecture. Proceedings of the Aerospace Conference. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[26]
Schaefer, I. 2008. Integrating formal verification into the model-based development for adaptive embedded systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Kaiserslautern.
[27]
Schneider, K. and Schuele, T. 2005. Averest: Specification, verification, and implementation of reactive systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[28]
Schneider, K., Schuele, T., and Trapp, M. 2006. Verifying the adaptation behavior of embedded Systems. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[29]
Selic, B., Gullekson, G., and Ward, P. T. 1994. Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[30]
Shelton, C. P. 2003. A framework for scalable analysis and design of system-wide graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[31]
Shelton, C. P. and Koopman, P. 2004. Improving system dependability with functional alternatives. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA.
[32]
Strunk, E. A. and Knight, J. C. 2006. Dependability through assured reconfiguration in embedded system software. IEEE Trans. Depend, Secure Comput. 3, 3.
[33]
Szyperski, C. 1999. Component Software. Beyond Object-Oriented Programming. ACM, New York.
[34]
Trapp, M. 2005. Modeling the adaptation behavior of adaptive embedded systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Kaiserslautern.
[35]
Trapp, M., Adler, R., Förster, M., and Junger, J. 2007. Runtime adaptation in safety-critical automotive systems. In Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Software Engineering.
[36]
Vallée, M., Ramparany, F., and Vercouter, L. 2005. Dynamic service composition in ambient intelligence environments: A multi-agent approach. In Proceedings of the 1st European Young Researcher Workshop on Service-Oriented Computing.
[37]
van Ommering, R. C. 1998. Koala, a component model for consumer electronics product software. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Development and Evolution of Software Architectures for Product Families.
[38]
Yan, Z., Prehofer, C., and Niemi, V. 2007. Trust4All: A trustworthy middleware platform for component software. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications.
[39]
Zhang, J. and Cheng, B. 2006. Model-based development of dynamically adaptive software. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 371--380.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Incremental Scheduling Using Genetic Algorithm2024 International Symposium ELMAR10.1109/ELMAR62909.2024.10694420(269-275)Online publication date: 16-Sep-2024
  • (2020)Automated Model-Based Optimization of Data-Adaptable Embedded SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/337214219:1(1-22)Online publication date: 6-Feb-2020
  • (2019)Architecture-Based Behavioral Adaptation with Generated Alternatives and Relaxed ConstraintsIEEE Transactions on Services Computing10.1109/TSC.2016.259345912:1(73-87)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Component-based modeling and verification of dynamic adaptation in safety-critical embedded systems

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
        ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems  Volume 10, Issue 2
        December 2010
        457 pages
        ISSN:1539-9087
        EISSN:1558-3465
        DOI:10.1145/1880050
        Issue’s Table of Contents
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Journal Family

        Publication History

        Published: 07 January 2011
        Accepted: 01 June 2009
        Revised: 01 March 2009
        Received: 01 September 2008
        Published in TECS Volume 10, Issue 2

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Author Tags

        1. Adaptive embedded systems
        2. component-based modeling
        3. verification

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article
        • Research
        • Refereed

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)9
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
        Reflects downloads up to 17 Feb 2025

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2024)Incremental Scheduling Using Genetic Algorithm2024 International Symposium ELMAR10.1109/ELMAR62909.2024.10694420(269-275)Online publication date: 16-Sep-2024
        • (2020)Automated Model-Based Optimization of Data-Adaptable Embedded SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/337214219:1(1-22)Online publication date: 6-Feb-2020
        • (2019)Architecture-Based Behavioral Adaptation with Generated Alternatives and Relaxed ConstraintsIEEE Transactions on Services Computing10.1109/TSC.2016.259345912:1(73-87)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019
        • (2019)Engineering and Hardening of Functional Fail-Operational Architectures for Highly Automated Driving2019 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW)10.1109/ISSREW.2019.00038(30-35)Online publication date: Oct-2019
        • (2019)Multifaceted automated analyses for variability-intensive embedded systemsProceedings of the 41st International Conference on Software Engineering10.1109/ICSE.2019.00092(854-865)Online publication date: 25-May-2019
        • (2019)Transactional execution of hierarchical reconfigurations in cyber-physical systemsSoftware and Systems Modeling (SoSyM)10.1007/s10270-017-0583-z18:1(157-189)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019
        • (2018)Cyber–Physical Digital-Microfluidic Biochips: Bridging the Gap Between Microfluidics and MicrobiologyProceedings of the IEEE10.1109/JPROC.2017.2759251106:9(1717-1743)Online publication date: Sep-2018
        • (2017)Synthesis of Cyberphysical Digital-Microfluidic Biochips for Real-Time Quantitative AnalysisIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2016.260062636:5(733-746)Online publication date: 1-May-2017
        • (2017)Assuring Degradation Cascades of Car Platoons via ContractsComputer Safety, Reliability, and Security10.1007/978-3-319-66284-8_27(317-329)Online publication date: 27-Sep-2017
        • (2015)Constraint-Based Verification of Compositions in Safety-Critical Component-Based SystemsSoftware Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing10.1007/978-3-319-10389-1_9(113-130)Online publication date: 2015
        • Show More Cited By

        View Options

        Login options

        Full Access

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        Figures

        Tables

        Media

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media