Eric Hodgson
Abstract
Redirected walking has gained popularity in recent years as a way of enhancing the safety of users immersed in a virtual reality simulation and of extending the amount of space that can be simulated in a virtual environment (VE). Limits imposed by the available physical space and functional tracking area are overcome by inducing immersed users to veer imperceptibly in a way that prevents them from leaving the confines of the tracking space. Redirected walking has been shown to be feasible at levels below noticeable thresholds and to function without increasing the incidence of simulator sickness. The present studies demonstrate that redirected walking can function without negatively impacting memory for spatial locations of landmarks in a VE, despite introducing discrepancies between various spatial senses and distorting the spatial mapping of movement onto the environment. Additionally, the present studies implement what, to our knowledge, is the first generalized redirected walking algorithm that is independent of any task or environment structure, and can adaptively steer users in real time as they engage in spontaneous, unconstrained navigation. The studies also demonstrate that such an algorithm can be implemented successfully in a gymnasium-sized space.
- Burns, E., Razzaque, S., Panter, A. T., Whitton, M. C., McCallus, M. R., and Brooks, F. P., Jr. 2005. The hand is slower than the eye: A quantitative exploration of visual dominance over proprioception. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality, IEEE, Washington, D.C., 3--10. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Fukusima, S. S., Loomis, J. M., and Da Silva, J. A. 1997. Visual perception of egocentric distance as assessed by triangulation. J. Experimental Psychol. Human Perception Perform. 23, 86--100.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gibson, J. J. 1933. Adaption, after-effect and contrast in the perception of curved lines. J. Expererimental Psychol. 16, 1--31.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jaekl, P. M., Jenkin, M. R., and Harris, L. R. 2005. Perceiving a stable world during active rotational and translational head movements. Experimental Brain Res.163, 388--399.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jerald, J., Peck, T., Steinicke, F., and Whitton, M. 2008. Sensitivity to scene motion for phases of head yaws. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, ACM, New York, 155--161. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jerald, J. and Steinicke, F. 2009. Scene instability during head turns. In Proceedings of the IEEE VR Workshop on Perceptual Illusions in Virtual Environments (PIVE), IEEE, Washington, D.C., 4--6.Google Scholar
- Jürgens, R., BoB, T., and Becker, W. 1999. Podokinetic after-rotation does not depend on sensory conflict. Exper. Brain Res. 128, 563--567.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Klatzky, R. L., Loomis, J. M., Beall, A. C., Chance, S. S., and Golledge, R. G. 1998. Spatial updating of self-position and orientation during real, imagined, and virtual locomotion. Psych. Sci. 9, 293--298.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kohli, L., Burns, E., Miller, D., and Fuchs, H. 2005. Combining passive haptics with redirected walking. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Augmented Tele-Existence. ACM, New York, 253--254. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lin, J. J. W., Razzaque, S., and Parker, D. E. 2005. Effects of simulated motion frequency in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.Google Scholar
- Loomis, J. M., Da Silva, J. A., Fujita, N., and Fukusima, S. S. 1992. Visual space perception and visually directed action. J. Exper. Psych. Human Percep. Perform. 18, 906--921.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mou, W., McNamara, T. P., Valiquette, C. M., and Rump, B. 2004. Allocentric and egocentric updating of spatial memories. J. Exper. Psych. Learn. Memory, Cognition 30, 142--157.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nitzshe, N., Hanebeck, U. D., and Schmidt, G. 2004. Motion compression for telepresent walking in large target environments. Presence, 13, 44--60. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peck, T. C., Whitton, M. C., and Fuchs, H. 2009. Evaluation of reorientation techniques for walking in large virtual environments. IEEE Trans. Visualization Comput. Graph. 15, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Posner, M. I. and Nissen, M. J. 1976. Visual dominance: An information-processing account of its origins and significance. Psych. Rev. 83, 157--171.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Razzaque, S. 2005. Redirected walking. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Razzaque, S., Kohn, Z., and Whitton, M. C. 2001. Redirected walking. In Proceedings of Eurographics.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rieser, J. J., Pick, H. L. Jr., Ashmead, D. H., and Garing, A. E. 1995. Calibration of human locomotion and models of perceptual-motor organization. J. Exper. Psych. Human Percep. Perform. 21, 480--497.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Souman, J. L., Frissen, I., Sreenivasa, M. N., and Earnst, M. O. 2009. Walking straight into circles. Current Biol. 19, 1538--1542.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Steinicke, F., Bruder, G., Jerald, J., Frenz, H., and Lappe, M. 2008a. Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. ACM, New York, 149--156. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steinicke, F., Bruder, G., Ropinski, T., and Hinrichs, K. 2008b. Moving towards generally applicable redirected walking. In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 15--24.Google Scholar
- Steinicke, F., Bruder, G., Jerald, J., Frenz, H., and Lappe, M. 2009a. Estimation of detection thresholds for redirected walking techniques. IEEE Trans. Visualization Comput. Graph. 17--27. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steinicke, F., Bruder, G., Hinrichs, K., Jerald, J., Frenz, H., and Lappe, M. 2009b. Real walking through virtual environments by redirection techniques. J. Virtual Reality Broadcast. 6.Google Scholar
- Su, J. 2007. Motion compression for telepresence locomotion. Presence, 16, 385--398. Google ScholarDigital Library
- van Beers, R. J., Sittig, A. C., and van der Gon, D. J. J. 1999. Integration of proprioceptive and visual position-information: An experimentally supported model. J. Neurophysiol. 81, 1355--1364.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Waller, D., Bachmann, E., Hodgson, E., and Beall, A. C. 2007. The HIVE: A huge immersive virtual environment for research in spatial cognition. Behavior Res. Methods, 39, 835--843.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Waller, D. and Hodgson, E. 2006. Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and self-rotation. J. Exper. Psych. Learn. Memory, Cognition 32, 867--882.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wang, R. F. 2004. Between reality and imagination: When is spatial updating automatic? Percep. Psychophys. 66, 68--76.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wang, R. F and Brockmole, J. R. 2003. Simultaneous spatial updating in nested environments. Psychonomic Bull. Rev. 10, 981--986.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Williams, B., Narasimham, G., Rump, B., McNamara, T. P., Carr, T. H., Rieser, J., and Bodenheimer, B. 2007. Exploring large virtual environments with an HMD when physical space is limited. In Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization. ACM, New York, 41--48. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Redirected walking to explore virtual environments: Assessing the potential for spatial interference
Recommendations
Towards Physically Interactive Virtual Environments: Reactive Alignment with Redirected Walking
VRST '20: Proceedings of the 26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and TechnologyInteractions with the physical environment, such as passive haptic feedback, have been previously shown to provide richer and more immersive virtual reality experiences. A strict correspondence between the virtual and real world coordinate systems is a ...
Towards virtual reality infinite walking: dynamic saccadic redirection
Redirected walking techniques can enhance the immersion and visual-vestibular comfort of virtual reality (VR) navigation, but are often limited by the size, shape, and content of the physical environments.
We propose a redirected walking technique that ...
Using Perceptual Illusions for Redirected Walking
Redirected walking (RDW) gives users the ability to explore a virtual world by walking in a confined physical space. It inconspicuously guides them on a physical path that might differ from the path they perceive in the virtual world. Exploiting three ...
Comments