Andrew Z. Tirkel
Nicholas Meinhold
ABSTRACT
Digital fingerprinting is a technique for tracing the distribution of multimedia content, and protecting it from unauthorized manipulation. Unique identification information is embedded into each distributed copy of the signal. In a collusion attack, fingerprints are combined to remove or distort the fingerprints. Audio signals are good candidates for fingerprinting, because of the forgiving nature of the human auditory system to cross-talk between channels. We use principal components of the audio signal to construct an abstract vector space. The fingerprints are ordered rotations in that space. The rotations are determined by arrays with good correlation properties. These arrays are embedded in real audio, and are imperceptible, according to a panel of experts. These fingerprints are resistant to an averaging collusion attack by hundreds or thousands of colluders, and can withstand a worst case RandNeg attack by up to 30 colluders.
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Index Terms
- Collusion resistant fingerprinting of digital audio
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