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Graphical implementation of a new pigeon hole imaging (PHI) technique

Published: 26 October 2011 Publication History

Abstract

A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) method was conceived based on the 4-electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM) developed by members of our group earlier. The FIM uses a group of 4 electrodes placed at the corners of a square region giving an enhanced sensitivity within the square, and the PHI uses many such groups arranged in a square or rectangular matrix in which the individual FIM values in the matrix elements form the pixel values of the image directly. The present work is the first approach to generate a graphical image for one or more objects within a prescribed area using the new PHI concept. Since the sensitivity outside the focused zone is not necessarily zero, though small, these may contribute to an erroneous image when a number of objects are present at close proximity. Some rules were developed to minimise such errors, and necessary software has been developed based on these rules to achieve an apparent higher image resolution. As a test for the software, simulated data were generated for assumed distributions of one or more objects within a specified area based on published experimental sensitivity values of 4-electrode FIM. PHI images were then produced using the developed software which gave a satisfactory rendition of the original object distribution. Although defined in 2D, both FIM and PHI may be useful in studying body organs using surface electrodes because of current flow in the 3rd dimension, giving 3D sensitivity. In the study of the functions of different body organs that changes in size or position with time, PHI may be useful.

References

[1]
Rabbani K S, Sarker M, Akond M H R and Akter T, Focused Impedance measurement (FIM) - A new technique with improved zone localisationin "Electrical Bioimpedance methods", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 873, p.408 to 420, 1999.
[2]
K S Rabbani and M A S Karal, A new four-electrode Focused Impedance Measurement (FIM) system for physiological study, Annals of Biomedical Engg (Springer, US), vol 36, no.6, p.1072--1077, 2008
[3]
Afroj K, Alam N, Rahman M and Rabbani K S, Pigeon hole imaging (PHI) -- an electrical admittance backprojection technique, J. of Bangladesh Medical Physics Association, Vol.3, p.7--13, Jan 2004
[4]
Kamila Afroj and K Siddique-e Rabbani An image smearing technique to improve Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) J. of Bangladesh Medical Physics Association, Vol.4, No.1, p.11--20, 2011
[5]
Rabbani K S, A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) based on 4-electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM), under preparation, 2011.

Cited By

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  • (2021)Switching Algorithm and Data Acquisition for Pigeon Hole Imaging System2021 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ICECIT)10.1109/ICECIT54077.2021.9641191(1-5)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2021
  • (2017)Reconstruction algorithm for Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI)2017 3rd International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT)10.1109/EICT.2017.8275137(1-6)Online publication date: Dec-2017

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      ISABEL '11: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies
      October 2011
      949 pages
      ISBN:9781450309134
      DOI:10.1145/2093698
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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      • Universitat Pompeu Fabra
      • IEEE
      • Technical University of Catalonia Spain: Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain
      • River Publishers: River Publishers
      • CTTC: Technological Center for Telecommunications of Catalonia
      • CTIF: Kyranova Ltd, Center for TeleInFrastruktur

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      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 26 October 2011

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      Author Tags

      1. EIT
      2. FIM
      3. PHI
      4. electrical impedance technique
      5. focused impedance method
      6. pigeon hole imaging

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      ISABEL '11
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      • Technical University of Catalonia Spain
      • River Publishers
      • CTTC
      • CTIF

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      • (2021)Switching Algorithm and Data Acquisition for Pigeon Hole Imaging System2021 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ICECIT)10.1109/ICECIT54077.2021.9641191(1-5)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2021
      • (2017)Reconstruction algorithm for Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI)2017 3rd International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT)10.1109/EICT.2017.8275137(1-6)Online publication date: Dec-2017

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