skip to main content
10.1145/2207676.2208642acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

SphereAvatar: a situated display to represent a remote collaborator

Published:05 May 2012Publication History

ABSTRACT

An emerging form of telecollaboration utilizes situated or mobile displays at a physical destination to virtually represent remote visitors. An example is a personal telepresence robot, which acts as a physical proxy for a remote visitor, and uses cameras and microphones to capture its surroundings, which are transmitted back to the visitor. We propose the use of spherical displays to represent telepresent visitors at a destination. We suggest that the use of such 360 degree displays in a telepresence system has two key advantages: it is possible to understand the identity of the visitor from any viewpoint; and with suitable graphical representation, it is possible to tell where the visitor is looking from any viewpoint. In this paper, we investigate how to optimally represent a visitor as an avatar on a spherical display by evaluating how varying representations are able to accurately convey head gaze.

References

  1. Anstis, S., Mayhew, J., and Morley, T. The perception of where a face or television 'portrait' is looking. The American Journal of Psychology 82, 4 (1969), 474--489.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Barthel, C., and Rowe, S. Visitor interactions with 3-d visualizations on a spherical display at a science museum. In OCEANS 2008 (sept. 2008), 1.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Reynard, G., Brown, C., and Koleva, B. Understanding and constructing shared spaces with mixed-reality boundaries. ACM Transactions on computer-human interaction (TOCHI) 5, 3 (1998), 185--223. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Benko, H., Wilson, A., and Balakrishnan, R. Sphere: multi-touch interactions on a spherical display. In Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, ACM (2008), 77--86. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Benko, H., and Wilson, A. D. Design Challenges of Interactive Spherical User Interfaces. 2009, 1--4.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Blinn, J., and Newell, M. Texture and reflection in computer generated images. Communications of the ACM 19, 10 (1976), 542--547. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Desai, M., Tsui, K., Yanco, H., and Uhlik, C. Essential features of telepresence robots. In Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA), 2011 IEEE Conference on, IEEE (2011), 15--20.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Gibson, J., and Pick, A. Perception of another person's looking behavior. The American Journal of Psychology 76, 3 (1963), 386--394.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Greene, N. Environment mapping and other applications of world projections. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE 6, 11 (nov. 1986), 21--29. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Grossman, T., Wigdor, D., and Balakrishnan, R. Multi-finger gestural interaction with 3d volumetric displays. In Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, ACM (2004), 61--70. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Hauber, J., Regenbrecht, H., Billinghurst, M., and Cockburn, A. Spatiality in videoconferencing: trade-offs between efficiency and social presence. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work, ACM (2006), 413--422. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Isaacs, E., and Tang, J. What video can and cannot do for collaboration: a case study. Multimedia Systems 2, 2 (1994), 63--73. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Ishiguro, H., Ono, T., Imai, M., Maeda, T., Kanda, T., and Nakatsu, R. Robovie: an interactive humanoid robot. Industrial robot: An international journal 28, 6 (2001), 498--504.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Itoh, K., Miwa, H., Onishi, Y., Imanishi, K., Hayashi, K., and Takanishi, A. Development of face robot to express the individual face by optimizing the facial features. In Humanoid Robots, 2005 5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on, IEEE (2005), 412--417.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Jones, A., Lang, M., Fyffe, G., Yu, X., Busch, J., McDowall, I., Bolas, M., and Debevec, P. Achieving eye contact in a one-to-many 3d video teleconferencing system. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), vol. 28, ACM (2009), 64. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Jones, A., McDowall, I., Yamada, H., Bolas, M., and Debevec, P. Rendering for an interactive 360 light field display. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 26, 3 (2007), 40. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Kettner, S., Madden, C., and Ziegler, R. Direct rotational interaction with a spherical projection. In In Interaction: Systems, Practice and Theory Proceedings (2004).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Knoblauch, D., Font, P. M., and Kuester, F. Virtualizeme: Real-time avatar creation for tele-immersion environments. In IEEE Virtual Reality 2010 Proceedings, IEEE (2010), 279--280. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Krum, D., Suma, E., and Bolas, M. Augmented reality using personal projection and retroreflection. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 1--10. 10.1007/s00779-011-0374-4. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Lee, M. K., and Takayama, L. "now, i have a body": uses and social norms for mobile remote presence in the workplace. In Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '11, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 33--42. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Lincoln, P., Welch, G., Nashel, A., State, A., Ilie, A., and Fuchs, H. Animatronic shader lamps avatars. Virtual Reality (2009), 1--14. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Milgram, P., and Kishino, F. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E series D 77 (1994), 1321--1321.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Mori, M. The uncanny valley. Energy 7, 4 (1970), 33--35.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Naimark, M. Elements of realspace imaging: A proposed taxonomy. In Proc. SPIE, vol. 1457 (1991).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Prince, S., Cheok, A., Farbiz, F., Williamson, T., Johnson, N., Billinghurst, M., and Kato, H. 3d live: Real time captured content for mixed reality. In Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2002. ISMAR 2002. Proceedings. International Symposium on, IEEE (2002), 7--317. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Roberts, D., Wolff, R., Rae, J., Steed, A., Aspin, R., McIntyre, M., Pena, A., Oyekoya, O., and Steptoe, W. Communicating eye-gaze across a distance: Comparing an eye-gaze enabled immersive collaborative virtual environment, aligned video conferencing, and being together. In Virtual Reality Conference, 2009. VR 2009. IEEE, IEEE (2009), 135--142. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Rolland, J., and Fuchs, H. Optical versus video see-through head-mounted displays in medical visualization. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments 9, 3 (2000), 287--309. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Sakamoto, D., Kanda, T., Ono, T., Ishiguro, H., and Hagita, N. Android as a telecommunication medium with a human-like presence. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction, ACM (2007), 193--200. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Shami, N., Cheng, L., Rohall, S., Sempere, A., and Patterson, J. Avatars meet meetings: Design issues in integrating avatars in distributed corporate meetings. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work, ACM (2010), 35--44. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Steptoe, W., Normand, J. Oyekoya, O., Pece, F., Giannopoulos, E., Tecchia, F., Steed, A., and Slater, M. Acting in collaborative multimodal mixed reality environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments (In Press).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. Steptoe, W., Oyekoya, O., Murgia, A., Wolff, R., Rae, J., Guimaraes, E., Roberts, D., and Steed, A. Eye tracking for avatar eye gaze control during object-focused multiparty interaction in immersive collaborative virtual environments. In Virtual Reality Conference, 2009. VR 2009. IEEE, IEEE (2009), 83--90. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Stiefelhagen, R., and Zhu, J. Head orientation and gaze direction in meetings. In CHI'02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, ACM (2002), 858--859. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. Toshima, I., and Aoki, S. The effect of head movement on sound localization in an acoustical telepresence robot: Telehead. In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, IEEE (2006), 872--877.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  34. Troje, N., and Siebeck, U. Illumination-induced apparent shift in orientation of human heads. PERCEPTION-LONDON- 27 (1998), 671--680.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  35. Tsui, K., Desai, M., Yanco, H., and Uhlik, C. Exploring use cases for telepresence robots. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction, ACM (2011), 11--18. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Venolia, G., Tang, J., Cervantes, R., Bly, S., Robertson, G., Lee, B., and Inkpen, K. Embodied social proxy: mediating interpersonal connection in hub-and-satellite teams. In Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM (2010), 1049--1058. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. Wilson, H., Wilkinson, F., Lin, L., and Castillo, M. Perception of head orientation. Vision research 40, 5 (2000), 459--472.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Yee, N., and Bailenson, J. The proteus effect: The effect of transformed self-representation on behavior. Human communication research 33, 3 (2007), 271--290.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. SphereAvatar: a situated display to represent a remote collaborator

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        CHI '12: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
        May 2012
        3276 pages
        ISBN:9781450310154
        DOI:10.1145/2207676

        Copyright © 2012 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 5 May 2012

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

        Acceptance Rates

        Overall Acceptance Rate6,199of26,314submissions,24%

        Upcoming Conference

        CHI '24
        CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
        May 11 - 16, 2024
        Honolulu , HI , USA

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader