research-article

Reference index-based H.264 video watermarking scheme

Authors:

Yun Q. ShiAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), Volume 8, Issue 2S

Article No.: 33, Pages 1 - 22

https://doi.org/10.1145/2344436.2344439

Published: 20 September 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Video watermarking has received much attention over the past years as a promising solution to copy protection. Watermark robustness is still a key issue of research, especially when a watermark is embedded in the compressed video domain. In this article, a robust watermarking scheme for H.264 video is proposed. During video encoding, the watermark is embedded in the index of the reference frame, referred to as reference index, a bitstream syntax element newly proposed in the H.264 standard. Furthermore, the video content (current coded blocks) is modified based on an optimization model, aiming at improving watermark robustness without unacceptably degrading the video's visual quality or increasing the video's bit rate. Compared with the existing schemes, our method has the following three advantages: (1) The bit rate of the watermarked video is adjustable; (2) the robustness against common video operations can be achieved; (3) the watermark embedding and extraction are simple. Extensive experiments have verified the good performance of the proposed watermarking scheme.

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Cited By

Singh SBansal N(2023)A Comparative Study of Video Watermarking using Various Machine Learning Algorithms2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10306448(1-7)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10306448
Khmag A(2021)A Robust Watermarking Technique for High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Based on Blind Extraction SchemeSN Computer Science10.1007/s42979-021-00729-y2:4Online publication date: 7-Jun-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s42979-021-00729-y
Elrowayati AAlrshah MAbdullah MLatip R(2020)HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and OpportunitiesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2020.30040498(114172-114189)Online publication date: 2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3004049
Show More Cited By

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Reference index-based H.264 video watermarking scheme

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cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications Volume 8, Issue 2S

Special Issue on Multimedia Security

September 2012

121 pages

ISSN:1551-6857

EISSN:1551-6865

DOI:10.1145/2344436

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 20 September 2012

Accepted: 01 April 2011

Revised: 01 January 2011

Received: 01 September 2010

Published in TOMM Volume 8, Issue 2S

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Cited By

Singh SBansal N(2023)A Comparative Study of Video Watermarking using Various Machine Learning Algorithms2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10306448(1-7)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10306448
Khmag A(2021)A Robust Watermarking Technique for High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Based on Blind Extraction SchemeSN Computer Science10.1007/s42979-021-00729-y2:4Online publication date: 7-Jun-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s42979-021-00729-y
Elrowayati AAlrshah MAbdullah MLatip R(2020)HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and OpportunitiesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2020.30040498(114172-114189)Online publication date: 2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3004049
Yu XWang CZhou X(2018)A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright ProtectionApplied Sciences10.3390/app81018918:10(1891)Online publication date: 11-Oct-2018
https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101891
Sun BMa QZhang SLiu KLiu Y(2017)iSelfACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/312104913:4(1-22)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2017
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Griffiths EKalyanaraman ARanjan JWhitehouse K(2017)An Empirical Design Space Analysis of Doorway Tracking Systems for Real-World EnvironmentsACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/308915713:4(1-34)Online publication date: 8-Sep-2017
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Clavel CDamiano RPatti VRosso P(2017)Affect and Interaction in Agent-Based Systems and Social MediaACM Transactions on Internet Technology10.1145/301898017:1(1-8)Online publication date: 2-Mar-2017
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Drosatos GTasidou AEfraimidis P(2017)Privacy-Enhanced Television Audience MeasurementsACM Transactions on Internet Technology10.1145/300996917:1(1-29)Online publication date: 25-Feb-2017
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Dutta TGupta H(2017)An Efficient Framework for Compressed Domain Watermarking in P Frames of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)--Encoded VideoACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/300217813:1(1-24)Online publication date: 17-Jan-2017
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