research-article

A survey on ear biometrics

Authors:

Christina Hebert,

Mary Ann F. Harrison,

Mark S. NixonAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 45, Issue 2

Article No.: 22, Pages 1 - 35

https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431221

Published: 12 March 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Recognizing people by their ear has recently received significant attention in the literature. Several reasons account for this trend: first, ear recognition does not suffer from some problems associated with other non-contact biometrics, such as face recognition; second, it is the most promising candidate for combination with the face in the context of multi-pose face recognition; and third, the ear can be used for human recognition in surveillance videos where the face may be occluded completely or in part. Further, the ear appears to degrade little with age. Even though current ear detection and recognition systems have reached a certain level of maturity, their success is limited to controlled indoor conditions. In addition to variation in illumination, other open research problems include hair occlusion, earprint forensics, ear symmetry, ear classification, and ear individuality.

This article provides a detailed survey of research conducted in ear detection and recognition. It provides an up-to-date review of the existing literature revealing the current state-of-art for not only those who are working in this area but also for those who might exploit this new approach. Furthermore, it offers insights into some unsolved ear recognition problems as well as ear databases available for researchers.

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Perfler FPausch FPollack KHolighaus NMajdak P(2025)Parametric model of the human pinna based on Bézier curves and concave deformationsComputers in Biology and Medicine10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109817188(109817)Online publication date: Apr-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109817
Meng DMahmoodi SNixon M(2025)Ears in Biometrics and Identity ScienceEncyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy10.1007/978-3-030-71522-9_1565(719-727)Online publication date: 8-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71522-9_1565
Alex DM. KMengash HM. VKryvinska NJ. CKiran A(2024)DANNET: deep attention neural network for efficient ear identification in biometricsPeerJ Computer Science10.7717/peerj-cs.260310(e2603)Online publication date: 18-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2603
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Index Terms

A survey on ear biometrics
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Machine learning

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Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 45, Issue 2

February 2013

417 pages

ISSN:0360-0300

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/2431211

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 12 March 2013

Accepted: 01 October 2011

Revised: 01 October 2011

Received: 01 March 2011

Published in CSUR Volume 45, Issue 2

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Division of Information and Intelligent Systems
Biomedical Engineering Department at Cairo University
Office of Naval Research

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Cited By

Perfler FPausch FPollack KHolighaus NMajdak P(2025)Parametric model of the human pinna based on Bézier curves and concave deformationsComputers in Biology and Medicine10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109817188(109817)Online publication date: Apr-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109817
Meng DMahmoodi SNixon M(2025)Ears in Biometrics and Identity ScienceEncyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy10.1007/978-3-030-71522-9_1565(719-727)Online publication date: 8-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71522-9_1565
Alex DM. KMengash HM. VKryvinska NJ. CKiran A(2024)DANNET: deep attention neural network for efficient ear identification in biometricsPeerJ Computer Science10.7717/peerj-cs.260310(e2603)Online publication date: 18-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2603
Orike SBakare BIyoloma C(2024)Authentication Performance Analysis of Acoustic-Based Ear Biometrics System Using Audible SignalsEuropean Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science10.24018/ejece.2024.8.1.5908:1(10-14)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2024.8.1.590
Ahmad NNor FShafie MAbdullah NAbdul Razak NNor NOmar N(2024)A study of ear biometrics in autopsied cases at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreEgyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences10.1186/s41935-023-00374-x14:1Online publication date: 10-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00374-x
Li HZhang Y(2024)Geometric Morphometric Study of ear Shape in Four Chinese Ethnic Minority PopulationsThe Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal10.1177/10556656241266462Online publication date: 12-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656241266462
Mizuho YKawasaki YAmesaka TSugiura Y(2024)EarAuthCam: Personal Identification and Authentication Method Using Ear Images Acquired with a Camera-Equipped Hearable DeviceProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202410.1145/3652920.3653059(119-130)Online publication date: 4-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652920.3653059
Hu WZhou DZhu ZQiao TYao YHassaballah M(2024)Privacy-preserving face recognition method based on extensible feature extractionJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation10.1016/j.jvcir.2024.104140100(104140)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2024.104140
Sharma PSeeja K(2024)Person Identification Through Ear Biometrics—A Systematic SurveyICT: Applications and Social Interfaces10.1007/978-981-97-0210-7_2(11-32)Online publication date: 28-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0210-7_2
Oyebiyi OAbayomi-Alli AArogundade OQazi AImoize AAwotunde J(2023)A Systematic Literature Review on Human Ear Biometrics: Approaches, Algorithms, and Trend in the Last DecadeInformation10.3390/info1403019214:3(192)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030192
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