skip to main content
10.1145/2464464.2464484acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageswebsciConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Don't worry, be happy: the geography of happiness on Facebook

Published: 02 May 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Social media sites have been used to track the expression of emotion words across nations. A question left unexplored is whether, at a similar scale, these sites can be used to collect reliable well-being data. To tackle this question, we collect Satisfaction With Life (SWL) test results from a Facebook application and show that aggregate country-level results significantly vary across twelve rich countries and strongly correlate with official well-being scores. To then show that collecting data on Facebook offers an informative look at the sociology of well-being, we study the impact of (un)happiness on the twelve countries by relating the test results on Facebook to reputable international indicators of social and health problems. We find that countries where happiness is lower have increased problems across the board: decreasing well-being is associated with increasing homicide, obesity, drug use, mental illness, and anxiety. In addition to offering these findings, this work hints at the conditions under which social media could be used for data-driven social science research.

References

[1]
Blanchflower, D. G., and Oswald, A. J. Hypertension and Happiness across Nations. Journal of Health Economics, 27 (2008).
[2]
Blanden, J., London, and Political. Intergenerational mobility in Europe and North America. Centre for Economic Performance, 2005.
[3]
Diener, E., Diener, M., and Diener, C. Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69, 5 (1995).
[4]
Diener, E., Inglehart, R., and Tay, L. Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales. Social Indicators Research (2012).
[5]
Diener, E., and Suh, E. M. Culture and Subjective Well-Being (Well Being and Quality of Life). MIT Press, 2000.
[6]
DiTella, R., MacCulloch, R., and Oswald, A. J. Preferences over inflation and unemployment: Evidence from surveys of happiness. American Economic Review 91, 1 (2001).
[7]
Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., and Lampe, C. The benefits of Facebook "friends". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12 (2007).
[8]
Garcia-Gavilanes, R., Quercia, D., and Jaimes, A. Cultural Dimensions in Twitter: Time, Individualism, and Power. In Proceedings of the 9th AAAI ICWSM (2013).
[9]
Hodgkins, C. C., Cahill, K. S., Seraphine, A. E., Frost-Pineda, K., and Gold, M. S. Adolescent drug addiction treatment and weight gain. Journal of Addictive Diseases 23, 3 (2004).
[10]
Huppert, F. A. A population approach to positive psychology. Positive Psychology (2004).
[11]
James, G. A., Gold, M. S., and Liu, Y. Interaction of satiety and reward response to food stimulation. Journal of Addictive Diseases 23, 3 (2004).
[12]
Kleiner, K. D., Gold, M. S., Frost-Pineda, K., Lenz-Brunsman, B., Perri, M. G., and Jacobs, W. S. Body mass index and alcohol use. Journal of Addictive Diseases 23, 3 (2004).
[13]
Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., and Graepel, T. Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. PNAS (March 2013).
[14]
Kramer, A. An unobtrusive behavioral model of "Gross National Happiness". In Proceedings of the 28th ACM CHI (2010).
[15]
Kramer, A. D. The spread of emotion via facebook. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM CHI (2012).
[16]
Laitinen, J., Ek, E., and Sovio, U. Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior. Preventive Medicine 34, 1 (2002).
[17]
Layard, R. Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. Icon Books, 2005.
[18]
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., and Diener, E. The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success? Psychological Bulletin 131, 6 (November 2005).
[19]
OECD. International Development Statistics (IDS). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/17/5037721.htm.
[20]
Oswald, A. J., and Wu, S. Objective Confirmation of Subjective Measures of Human Well-Being: Evidence from the U.S.A. Science 327, 5965 (2010).
[21]
Planet Ark. The "Recycling Olympics" Report.
[22]
Powdthavee, N. The Happiness Equation: The Surprising Economics of Our Most Valuable Asset. Icon Books, 2010.
[23]
Putnam, R. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster, 2001.
[24]
Putnam, R. Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research 2, 1 (2001).
[25]
Quercia, D., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., and Crowcroft, J. Our twitter profiles, our selves: Predicting personality with twitter. In Proceedings of IEEE SocialCom (2012).
[26]
Quercia, D., Lambiotte, R., Stillwell, D., Kosinski, M., and Crowcroft, J. The personality of popular facebook users. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM CSCW (2012).
[27]
Searls, D. Eof: Now Data Gets Personal? Linux Journal (January 2010).
[28]
Stratton, A. Happiness index to gauge Britain's national mood. The Guardian, November 2010.
[29]
Veenhoven, R. World Database of Happiness. Erasmus University, 1994.
[30]
Vision of Humanity. Global Peace Index: Methodology.
[31]
Wilkinson, R., and Pickett, K. The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger. Bloomsbury Press, 2009.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Regional subjective well‐being through a media sentiment index: Case of the Drâa‐Tafilalet oasis region in MoroccoRegional Science Policy & Practice10.1111/rsp3.12644Online publication date: 22-Feb-2023
  • (2020)GIS-Based Emotional Computing: A Review of Quantitative Approaches to Measure the Emotion Layer of Human–Environment RelationshipsISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information10.3390/ijgi90905519:9(551)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2020
  • (2018)Who are happier? Spatio-temporal Analysis of Worldwide Human Emotion Based on Geo-Crowdsourcing Faces2018 Ubiquitous Positioning, Indoor Navigation and Location-Based Services (UPINLBS)10.1109/UPINLBS.2018.8559710(1-8)Online publication date: Mar-2018
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Don't worry, be happy: the geography of happiness on Facebook

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    WebSci '13: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference
    May 2013
    481 pages
    ISBN:9781450318891
    DOI:10.1145/2464464
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 02 May 2013

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Facebook
    2. geography
    3. psychology
    4. quantitative methods
    5. statistics

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    Conference

    WebSci '13
    Sponsor:
    WebSci '13: Web Science 2013
    May 2 - 4, 2013
    Paris, France

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 245 of 933 submissions, 26%

    Upcoming Conference

    Websci '25
    17th ACM Web Science Conference
    May 20 - 24, 2025
    New Brunswick , NJ , USA

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)9
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 07 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2023)Regional subjective well‐being through a media sentiment index: Case of the Drâa‐Tafilalet oasis region in MoroccoRegional Science Policy & Practice10.1111/rsp3.12644Online publication date: 22-Feb-2023
    • (2020)GIS-Based Emotional Computing: A Review of Quantitative Approaches to Measure the Emotion Layer of Human–Environment RelationshipsISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information10.3390/ijgi90905519:9(551)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2020
    • (2018)Who are happier? Spatio-temporal Analysis of Worldwide Human Emotion Based on Geo-Crowdsourcing Faces2018 Ubiquitous Positioning, Indoor Navigation and Location-Based Services (UPINLBS)10.1109/UPINLBS.2018.8559710(1-8)Online publication date: Mar-2018
    • (2015)Cultures in Community Question AnsweringProceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext & Social Media10.1145/2700171.2791034(175-184)Online publication date: 24-Aug-2015
    • (2015)Collective SmileProceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing10.1145/2675133.2675186(361-374)Online publication date: 28-Feb-2015
    • (2014)The Geography of Online News EngagementSocial Informatics10.1007/978-3-319-13734-6_20(279-289)Online publication date: 2014
    • (2013)Traveling trendsProceedings of the first ACM conference on Online social networks10.1145/2512938.2512956(213-222)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2013

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media