research-article

TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable

Authors:

Woohun LeeAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Pages 553 - 562

https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2470733

Published: 27 April 2013 Publication History

Abstract

A physical keyboard key has three states, whereas a touch screen usually has only two. Due to this difference, the state corresponding to the touched state of a physical key is missing in a touch screen keyboard. This touched state is an important factor in the usability of a keyboard. In order to recover the role of a touched state in a touch screen, we propose the TapBoard, a touch screen software keyboard that regards tapping actions as keystrokes and other touches as the touched state. In a series of user studies, we validate the effectiveness of the TapBoard concept. First, we show that tapping to type is in fact compatible with the existing typing skill of most touch screen keyboard users. Second, users quickly adapt to the TapBoard and learn to rest their fingers in the touched state. Finally, we confirm by a controlled experiment that there is no difference in text-entry performance between the TapBoard and a traditional touch screen software keyboard. In addition to these experimental results, we demonstrate a few new interaction techniques that will be made possible by the TapBoard.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (chi1813-file3.mp4)

Supplemental video

Download
78.90 MB

References

[1]

Amberg, M., Giraud, F., Semail, B., Olivo, P., Casiez, G., and Roussel, N. Stimtac: a tactile input device with programmable friction. In Proc. UIST '11 Adjunct, ACM (2011), 7--8.

Digital Library

[2]

Barrett, J., and Krueger, H. Performance effects of reduced proprioceptive feedback on touch typists and casual users in a typing task. Behaviour & Information Technology 13, 6 (1994), 373--381.

[3]

Bau, O., Poupyrev, I., Israr, A., and Harrison, C. Teslatouch: electrovibration for touch surfaces. In Proc. UIST '10, ACM (2010), 283--292.

Digital Library

[4]

Buxton, W. A three-state model of graphical input. In INTERACT, vol. 90, Citeseer (1990), 449--456.

Digital Library

[5]

Chaparro, B., Nguyen, B., Phan, M., Smith, A., and Teves, J. Keyboard performance: ipad versus netbook. Usability News 12, 2 (2010).

[6]

Crump, M., and Logan, G. Warning: This keyboard will deconstruct - the role of the keyboard in skilled typewriting. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17 (2010), 394--399.

[7]

Findlater, L., Lee, B., and Wobbrock, J. Beyond qwerty: augmenting touch screen keyboards with multi-touch gestures for non-alphanumeric input. In Proc. CHI '12, ACM (2012), 2679--2682.

Digital Library

[8]

Findlater, L., and Wobbrock, J. Personalized input: Improving ten-finger touchscreen typing through automatic adaptation. In Proc. CHI '12, ACM (2012), 2453--2462.

Digital Library

[9]

Findlater, L., Wobbrock, J. O., and Wigdor, D. Typing on flat glass: examining ten-finger expert typing patterns on touch surfaces. In Proc. CHI '11, ACM (2011), 2453--2462.

Digital Library

[10]

Gordon, A., and Soechting, J. Use of tactile afferent information in sequential finger movements. Experimental brain research 107, 2 (1995), 281--292.

[11]

Heo, S., and Lee, G. Forcetap: extending the input vocabulary of mobile touch screens by adding tap gestures. In Proc. MobileHCI '11, ACM (2011), 113--122.

Digital Library

[12]

Hinckley, K., and Sinclair, M. Touch-sensing input devices. In Proc. CHI '99, ACM (1999), 223--230.

Digital Library

[13]

Hoggan, E., Brewster, S., and Johnston, J. Investigating the effectiveness of tactile feedback for mobile touchscreens. In Proc. CHI '08, ACM (2008), 1573--1582.

Digital Library

[14]

Kim, S., and Lee, G. Typing on a touch surface: Effect of feedback with horizontal touch keyboard and vertical display setup. In Proc. APCHI '12, ACM (2012), 525--530.

[15]

Lee, S., and Zhai, S. The performance of touch screen soft buttons. In Proc. CHI '09, ACM (2009), 309--318.

Digital Library

[16]

Levesque, V., Oram, L., MacLean, K., Cockburn, A., Marchuk, N. D., Johnson, D., Colgate, J. E., and Peshkin, M. A. Enhancing physicality in touch interaction with programmable friction. In Proc. CHI '11, ACM (2011), 2481--2490.

Digital Library

[17]

Li, F., Guy, R., Yatani, K., and Truong, K. The 1line keyboard: a qwerty layout in a single line. In Proc. UIST '11, ACM (2011), 461--470.

Digital Library

[18]

Logan, G., and Crump, M. Hierarchical control of cognitive processes: The case for skilled typewriting. Psychology of Learning and Motivation-Advances in Research and Theory 54 (2011).

[19]

MacKenzie, I., and Zhang, S. The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard. In Proc. CHI '99, ACM (1999), 25--31.

Digital Library

[20]

MacKenzie, I., Zhang, S., and Soukoreff, R. Text entry using soft keyboards. Behaviour & information technology 18, 4 (1999), 235--244.

[21]

MacKenzie, I. S., and Soukoreff, R. W. Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques. In Ext. Abstracts CHI '03, ACM (2003), 754--755.

Digital Library

[22]

McAdam, C., and Brewster, S. Distal tactile feedback for text entry on tabletop computers. In Proc. BCS HCI '09, British Computer Society (2009), 504--511.

Digital Library

[23]

Rekimoto, J., Ishizawa, T., Schwesig, C., and Oba, H. Presense: interaction techniques for finger sensing input devices. In Proc. UIST '03, ACM (2003), 203--212.

Digital Library

[24]

Ryall, K., Morris, M., Everitt, K., Forlines, C., and Shen, C. Experiences with and observations of direct-touch tabletops. In Proc. Tabletop '06, IEEE (2006).

Digital Library

[25]

Sax, C., Lau, H., and Lawrence, E. Liquidkeyboard: An ergonomic, adaptive qwerty keyboard for touchscreens and surfaces. In Proc. ICDS '11 (2011), 117--122.

[26]

Sears, A. Improving touchscreen keyboards: design issues and a comparison with other devices. Interacting with Computers 3, 3 (1991), 253--269.

[27]

Soukoreff, R. W., and MacKenzie, I. S. Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of msd and kspc, and a new unified error metric. In Proc. CHI '03, ACM (2003), 113--120.

Digital Library

[28]

TABLSKIN. http://tablskin.com/.

[29]

Technology, T. http://www.tactustechnology.com/.

[30]

TouchFire. The screen-top keyboard for ipad. http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/740785012/touchfire-the-screen-top-keyboard-for-ipad.

[31]

Weiss, M., Jennings, R., Wagner, J., Khoshabeh, R., Hollan, J., and Borchers, J. Slap: Silicone illuminated active peripherals. Ext. Abstracts of Tabletop 8 (2008).

[32]

Wigdor, D., Perm, G., Ryall, K., Esenther, A., and Shen, C. Living with a tabletop: Analysis and observations of long term office use of a multi-touch table. In Proc. Tabletop '07, IEEE (2007), 60--67.

Cited By

Liao YMo GDudley JCheng CChan LKristensson POulasvirta A(2024)Practical approaches to group-level multi-objective Bayesian optimization in interaction technique designCollective Intelligence10.1177/263391372412413133:1Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1177/26339137241241313
Li ZYu CGu YShi Y(2023)ResType: Invisible and Adaptive Tablet Keyboard Leveraging Resting FingersProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581055(1-14)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581055
Faleel SLiu YCody RRey BDu LYu JHuang DIrani PLi W(2023)T-Force: Exploring the Use of Typing Force for Three State Virtual KeyboardsProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580915(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3580915
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)

Recommendations

TapBoard 2: Simple and Effective Touchpad-like Interaction on a Multi-Touch Surface Keyboard
CHI '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

We introduce TapBoard 2, a touchpad-based keyboard that solves the problem of typing and pointing disambiguation. The pointing interaction design of TapBoard 2 is nearly identical to natural touchpad interaction, and its shared workspace naturally ...
TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable
CHI EA '13: CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

We propose the TapBoard, a touch screen software keyboard that regards tapping actions as keystrokes, and other touches as touched states. In a series of user studies, we could validate the effectiveness of the TapBoard concept. First, we could show ...
Modern Touchscreen Keyboards as Intelligent User Interfaces: A Research Review
IUI '17: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

Essential to mobile communication, the touchscreen keyboard is the most ubiquitous intelligent user interface on modern mobile phones. Developing smarter, more efficient, easy to learn, and fun to use keyboards has presented many fascinating IUI ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2013

3550 pages

ISBN:9781450318990

DOI:10.1145/2470654

General Chair:
Wendy E. Mackay
INRIA
,
Program Chairs:
Stephen Brewster
Glasgow University
,
Susanne Bødker
University of Aarhus

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 April 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

CHI '13

Sponsor:

SIGCHI

CHI '13: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 27 - May 2, 2013

Paris, France

Acceptance Rates

CHI '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 392 of 1,963 submissions, 20%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

27
Total Citations
View Citations
1,656
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)57
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)7

Reflects downloads up to 03 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Liao YMo GDudley JCheng CChan LKristensson POulasvirta A(2024)Practical approaches to group-level multi-objective Bayesian optimization in interaction technique designCollective Intelligence10.1177/263391372412413133:1Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1177/26339137241241313
Li ZYu CGu YShi Y(2023)ResType: Invisible and Adaptive Tablet Keyboard Leveraging Resting FingersProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581055(1-14)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581055
Faleel SLiu YCody RRey BDu LYu JHuang DIrani PLi W(2023)T-Force: Exploring the Use of Typing Force for Three State Virtual KeyboardsProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580915(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3580915
Streli PJiang JFender AMeier MRomat HHolz C(2022)TapType: Ten-finger text entry on everyday surfaces via Bayesian inferenceProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3501878(1-16)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3501878
Park CKim JKim DOh SChoi S(2022)Vibration-Augmented Buttons: Information Transmission Capacity and Application to Interaction DesignProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3501849(1-13)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3501849
He ZLutteroth CPerlin K(2022)TapGazer: Text Entry with Finger Tapping and Gaze-directed Word SelectionProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3501838(1-16)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3501838
Gu YYu CChen XLI ZShi Y(2021)TypeBoard: Identifying Unintentional Touch on Pressure-Sensitive Touchscreen KeyboardsThe 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3472749.3474770(568-581)Online publication date: 10-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3472749.3474770
Olmsted-Hawala ENichols EWang L(2021)Numeric Keypads or Character Keyboards for Numeric Entries on Surveys and Forms: Surprising Results from Older Adults Using Mobile DevicesHuman Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology Design and Acceptance10.1007/978-3-030-78108-8_16(213-227)Online publication date: 3-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78108-8_16
Park CYoon JOh SChoi SIqbal SMacLean KChevalier FMueller S(2020)Augmenting Physical Buttons with Vibrotactile Feedback for Programmable FeelsProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3379337.3415837(924-937)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3379337.3415837
Yi XWang CBi XShi YBernhaupt RMueller FVerweij DAndres JMcGrenere JCockburn AAvellino IGoguey ABjørn PZhao SSamson BKocielnik R(2020)PalmBoard: Leveraging Implicit Touch Pressure in Statistical Decoding for Indirect Text EntryProceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3313831.3376441(1-13)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3313831.3376441
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten