skip to main content
10.1145/2470654.2470737acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

MorePhone: a study of actuated shape deformations for flexible thin-film smartphone notifications

Published: 27 April 2013 Publication History

Abstract

We present MorePhone, an actuated flexible smartphone with a thin-film E Ink display. MorePhone uses shape memory alloys to actuate the entire surface of the display as well as individual corners. We conducted a participatory study to determine how users associate urgency and notification type with full screen, 1 corner, 2 corner and 3 corner actuations of the smartphone. Results suggest that with the current prototype, actuated shape notifications are useful for visual feedback. Urgent notifications such as alarms and voice calls were best matched with actuation of the entire display surface, while less urgent notifications, such as software notifications were best matched to individual corner bends. While different corner actuations resulted in significantly different matches between notification types, medium urgency notification types were treated as similar, and best matched to a single corner bend. A follow-up study suggested that users prefer to dedicate each corner to a specific type of notification. Users would like to personalize the assignment of corners to notification type. Animation of shape actuation significantly increased the perceived urgency of any of the presented shapes.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (chi1153-file3.mp4)
Supplemental video

References

[1]
Alexander, J., Lucero, A. and Subramanian, S. Tilt Displays: Designing Display Surfaces with Multi-axis Tilting and Actuation. In Proc. MobileHCI'12, ACM.
[2]
Arduino. http://www.arduino.cc (2012).
[3]
Arizona State University, Flexible Display Center. http://flexdisplay.asu.edu (2012).
[4]
Brown, L. M., Brewster, S. a., & Purchase, H. C. (2006). Multidimensional tactons for non-visual information presentation in mobile devices. MobileHCI '06, 231.
[5]
Coelho, M. and J. Zigelbaum. Shape-changing interfaces. Personal Ubiquitous Computing 15, 2 (2011), 161--173.
[6]
Coelho, M., Ishii, H., and P. Maes. Surflex: a programmable surface for the design of tangible interfaces. In Ext Abstracts CHI'08. ACM Press (2008), 3429--3434.
[7]
DynAlloy Inc. Technical characteristics of Flexinol actuator wire. http://www.dynalloy.com (2011).
[8]
E Ink Inc. http://www.eink.com (2010).
[9]
Flexpoint Inc. http://www.flexpoint.com (2012).
[10]
Hansson, R., Ljungstrand, P. and J. Redström. Subtle and public notification cues for mobile devices. In Proc UbiComp'01. Springer-Verlag (2001), 240--246.
[11]
Hemmert, F., Hamann, S., Löwe, M., Wohlauf, A., and Joost, G. Shape-changing mobiles: tapering in one-dimensional deformational displays in mobile phones. In Proc TEI'10, ACM Press (2010), 249--252.
[12]
Hemmert, F., Joost, G., Knörig, A. and Wettach, R., Dynamic knobs: shape change as a means of interaction on a mobile phone. In Ext. Abstracts CHI'18, ACM, 2309--2314.
[13]
Holman, D., Vertegaal, R., Altosaar, M., Troje, N. and D. Johns. PaperWindows: Interaction techniques for digital paper. In Proc CHI'05, ACM Press (2005), 591--599.
[14]
Horev, O. Talking to the hand - the interactive potential of shape-change behavior in objects and tangible interfaces. In Proc DESFORM'06, (2006).
[15]
Ishii, H., Lakatos, D., Bonanni, L., and J.-P. Labrune. Radical atoms: Beyond tangible bits, toward transformable materials. interactions 19, 1 (2012), 38--51.
[16]
Kildal, J., Paasovaara, S., and V. Aaltonen. Kinetic device: designing interactions with a deformable mobile interface. In Ext Abstracts CHI'12. ACM Press (2012), 1871--1876.
[17]
Kim, H. and W. Lee. Shade Pixel. In ACM SIGGRAPH'08 Posters. ACM Press (2008), 34.
[18]
Lahey, B., Girouard, A., Burleson, W., and R. Vertegaal. PaperPhone: Understanding the use of bend gestures in mobile devices with flexible electronic paper displays. In Proc CHI'11. ACM Press (2011), 1303--1312.
[19]
Lee, S. et al. How users manipulate deformable displays as input devices. In Proc. CHI'10, ACM Press (2010), 1647--1656.
[20]
Leithinger, D. and H. Ishii. Relief: A scalable actuated shape display. In Proc TEI'10. ACM Press (2010), 221--222.
[21]
Ling, R. "One can talk about common manners!": The use of mobile telephones in inappropriate situations. In: Telektronikk (Telenor R&D Journal) 2, (1998), 65--76.
[22]
McCrickard, D. S. and C. M. Chewar. Attuning notification design to user goals and attention costs. Comm. ACM 46, 3 (2003), 67--72.
[23]
Morris, M. R., Wobbrock, J. O., Wilson, A. D. Understanding users' preferences for surface gestures. In Proc. Graphics Interface GI'10, (2010), 261--268.
[24]
Poupyrev, I., Nashida, T., Maruyama, S., Rekimoto, J. and Y. Yamaji. Lumen: Interactive visual and shape display for calm computing. In Proc SIGGRAPH'04, ACM Press (2004), 17.
[25]
Qi, J. and Buechley, L. Animating paper using shape memory alloys. In Proc CHI'12. ACM Press (2012), 749--752.
[26]
Rasmussen, M. K., Pedersen, E. W., Petersen, M. G., & Hornbæk, K. (2012). Shape-Changing Interfaces: A Review of the Design Space and Open Research Questions, 735--744.
[27]
Sahami, A., Holleis, P., Schmidt, A., and J. Häkkilä. Rich tactile output on mobile devices. In Proc European Conference on Ambient Intelligence. (2008), 210--221.
[28]
Schwesig, C., Poupyrev, I., and E. Mori. Gummi: A bendable computer. In Proc CHI'04. ACM Press (2004), 263--270.
[29]
Shell, J. S., Selker, T. and R. Vertegaal. Interacting with groups of computers. Comm. ACM 46, 3 (2003), 40--46.
[30]
Tang, S. K. and W. Y. Tang. Adaptive mouse: a deformable computer mouse achieving form-function synchronization. In Ext. Abstracts CHI'10. ACM Press (2010), 2785--2792.
[31]
Togler, J., Hemmert, F., and Wettach, R. Living Interfaces: The Thrifty Faucet. TEI'09, (2009), 43--44.
[32]
Vertegaal, R. and I. Poupyrev. Organic User Interfaces: Introduction to special issue. Comm ACM 51, 6 (2008), 26--30.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Design and Perception of a Soft Shape Change Beneath a SmartwatchProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36764958:MHCI(1-23)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
  • (2024)PortaChrome: A Portable Contact Light Source for Integrated Re-Programmable Multi-Color TexturesProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676458(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
  • (2024)CARDinality: Interactive Card-shaped Robots with Locomotion and Haptics using VibrationProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676421(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. MorePhone: a study of actuated shape deformations for flexible thin-film smartphone notifications

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 2013
    3550 pages
    ISBN:9781450318990
    DOI:10.1145/2470654
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 27 April 2013

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. actuation
    2. flexible displays
    3. notification
    4. organic user interfaces
    5. shape changing interfaces

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    CHI '13
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    CHI '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 392 of 1,963 submissions, 20%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

    Upcoming Conference

    CHI 2025
    ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 26 - May 1, 2025
    Yokohama , Japan

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)52
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)7
    Reflects downloads up to 25 Feb 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Design and Perception of a Soft Shape Change Beneath a SmartwatchProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36764958:MHCI(1-23)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
    • (2024)PortaChrome: A Portable Contact Light Source for Integrated Re-Programmable Multi-Color TexturesProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676458(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
    • (2024)CARDinality: Interactive Card-shaped Robots with Locomotion and Haptics using VibrationProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676421(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Design and Perception of a Soft Shape Change Beneath a SmartwatchProceedings of the 35th Conference on l'Interaction Humain-Machine10.1145/3649792.3649800(1-14)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
    • (2024)Enhancing VR Sketching with a Dynamic Shape DisplayProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3687714(1-11)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Mimosa: Modular Self-folding Hinges Kit for Creating Shape-changing ObjectsProceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3623509.3633381(1-13)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
    • (2024)Single-handed Folding Interactions with a Modified Clamshell Flip PhoneProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642554(1-14)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2023)“Hey, can we talk?”: Exploring How Revealing Implicit Emotional Responses Tangibly Could Foster Empathy During Mobile TextingProceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3569009.3573124(1-7)Online publication date: 26-Feb-2023
    • (2023)Modular Tangible User Interfaces: Impact of Module Shape and Bonding Strength on InteractionProceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3569009.3572731(1-15)Online publication date: 26-Feb-2023
    • (2023)Stubbi: an Interactive Device for Enhancing Remote Text and Voice Communication in Small Intimate Groups through Simple Physical MovementsProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596016(1773-1788)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media