skip to main content
10.1145/2531602.2531625acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescscwConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

How to see values in social computing: methods for studying values dimensions

Published: 15 February 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Human values play an important role in shaping the design and use of information technologies. Research on values in social computing is challenged by disagreement about indicators and objects of study as researchers distribute their focus across contexts of technology design, adoption, and use. This paper draws upon a framework that clarifies how to see values in social computing research by describing values dimensions, comprised of sources and attributes of values in sociotechnical systems. This paper uses the framework to compare how diverse research methods employed in social computing surface values and make them visible to researchers. The framework provides a tool to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each method for observing values dimensions. By detailing how and where researchers might observe interactions between values and technology design and use, we hope to enable researchers to systematically identify and investigate values in social computing.

References

[1]
Albrechtslund, A. Ethics and technology design. Ethics and Information Technology 9, 1 (2007), 63--72.
[2]
Alsheikh, T., Rode, J.A., and Lindley, S.E. (Whose) value-sensitive design: A study of long- distance relationships in an Arabic cultural context. Proc. CSCW 2011, ACM (2011), 75--84.
[3]
Ames, M.G., Go, J., Kaye, J., and Spasojevic, M. Understanding technology choices and values through social class. Proc. CSCW 2011 ACM (2011), 55--64.
[4]
Belman, J., Flanagan, M., Nissenbaum, H., and Diamond, J. Grow-A-Game: A tool for values conscious design and analysis of digital games. Proc. DiGRA 2011, (2011), 14--17.
[5]
Borning, A. and Muller, M. Next steps for value sensitive design. Proc. CHI 2012, ACM (2012), 1125--1134.
[6]
Brandt, E. and Messeter, J. Facilitating collaboration through design games. Proc. PDC 2004, Volume 1, ACM (2004), 121--131.
[7]
Brey, P. Method in computer ethics: Towards a multilevel interdisciplinary approach. Ethics and Information Technology 2, 2 (2000), 125--129.
[8]
Cheng, A.-S., Fleischmann, K.R., Wang, P., Ishita, E., and Oard, D.W. The role of innovation and wealth in the net neutrality debate: A content analysis of human values in congressional and FCC hearings. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 63, 7 (2012), 1360--1373.
[9]
Cheng, A.-S. and Fleischmann, K.R. Developing a meta-inventory of human values. Proc. ASIST 2010 47, 1 (2010), 1--10.
[10]
Cockton, G. From quality in use to value in the world. Proc. CHI 2004, (2004), 1287--1290.
[11]
Fisher, E. Ethnographic invention: Probing the capacity of laboratory decisions. NanoEthics 1, 2 (2007), 155--165.
[12]
Flanagan, M., Nissenbaum, H., and Howe, D.C. Embodying values in technology: Theory and practice. In J. van den Hoven and J. Weckert, eds., Information Technology and Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, 322--353.
[13]
Fleischmann, K.R., Cheng, A.-S., Templeton, T.C., et al. Content analysis for values elicitation. Proc. CHI 2012, Workshop on Methods for Accounting for Values in Human-Centered Computing, ACM (2012).
[14]
Fleischmann, K.R., Wallace, W.A., and Grimes, J.M. How values can reduce conflicts in the design process: Results from a multi-site mixed-method field study. Proc. ASIST 2011, 48, 1 (2011), 1--10.
[15]
Fleischmann, K.R. and Wallace, W.A. Ensuring transparency in computational modeling. Commun. ACM 52, 3 (2009), 131--134.
[16]
Fleischmann, K.R. and Wallace, W.A. Value conflicts in computational modeling. Computer 43, 7 (2010), 57--63.
[17]
Fleischmann, K.R. Digital libraries and human values: Human-computer interaction meets social informatics. Proc. ASIST 2008, 44, 1 (2008), 1--17.
[18]
Forsythe, D.E. Studying those who study us: An anthropologist in the world of artificial intelligence. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA, 2002.
[19]
Friedman, B. and Hendry, D.G. The envisioning cards: A toolkit for catalyzing humanistic and technical imaginations. Proc. CHI 2012, ACM (2012), 1145--1148.
[20]
Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., and Borning, A. Value sensitive design and information systems. In D. Galletta and P. Zhang, eds., Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems: Applications. M.E. Sharpe, New York, 2006.
[21]
Friedman, B. and Nissenbaum, H. Bias in computer systems. In B. Friedman, ed., Human values and the design of computer technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1997, 21--40.
[22]
Friedman, B., ed. Human values and the design of computer technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1997.
[23]
Guston, D.H. and Sarewitz, D. Real-time technology assessment. Technology in Society 24, 1--2 (2002), 93--109.
[24]
Halpern, M.K., Erickson, I., Forlano, L., and Gay, G.K. Designing collaboration: comparing cases exploring cultural probes as boundary-negotiating objects. Proc. CSCW 2013, ACM (2013), 1093--1102.
[25]
Haraway, D. The cyborg manifesto and fractured identities. In Social Theory: The Multicultural & Classic Readings. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1985, 597--604.
[26]
Himma, K.E. A dualist analysis of abortion: Personhood and the concept of self qua experiential subject. Journal of Medical Ethics 31, 1 (2005), 48--55.
[27]
Ishita, E., Oard, D.W., Fleischmann, K.R., Cheng, A.-S., and Templeton, T.C. Investigating multi-label classification for human values. Proc. ASIST 2010,47, 1 (2010), 1--4.
[28]
Kaptelinin, V. and Nardi, B. Affordances in HCI: toward a mediated action perspective. Proc. CHI 2012, ACM (2012), 967--976.
[29]
Kelty, C.M. Two bits: The cultural significance of free software. Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 2008.
[30]
Knobel, C.P. and Bowker, G.C. Values in design. Communications of the ACM 54, 2011, 26--28.
[31]
Koepfler, J.A. and Fleischmann, K.R. Studying the values of hard-to-reach populations: content analysis of tweets by the 21st century homeless. Proc. iConference 2012, ACM (2012), 48--55.
[32]
Koepfler, J.A., Shilton, K., and Fleischmann, K.R. A stake in the issue of homelessness: Identifying values of interest for design in online communities. Proc. C&T 2013, ACM (2013).
[33]
Le Dantec, C.A. and Edwards, W.K. Designs on dignity: perceptions of technology among the homeless. Proc. CHI 2008, ACM (2008), 627--636.
[34]
Le Dantec, C.A.L., Poole, E.S., and Wyche, S.P. Values as lived experience: evolving value sensitive design in support of value discovery. Proc. CHI 2009, ACM (2009), 1141--1150.
[35]
Lin, P., Abney, K., and Bekey, G. Robot ethics: Mapping the issues for a mechanized world. Artificial Intelligence 175, 5--6 (2011), 942--949.
[36]
Lofland, J., Snow, D., Anderson, L., and Lofland, L.H. Analyzing social settings: a guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA, 2006.
[37]
MacKenzie, D. An engine, not a camera: how financial models shape markets. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 2008.
[38]
Manders-Huits, N. and Zimmer, M. Values and pragmatic action: The challenges of introducing ethical intelligence in technical and design communities. International Review of Information Ethics 10, (2009), 37--44.
[39]
Nissenbaum, H. Privacy in context: Technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford Law Books, Stanford, CA, 2009.
[40]
Nissenbaum, H. From preemption to circumvention: if technology regulates, why do we need regulation (and vice versa)-- Berkeley Technology Law Journal 26, 3 (2011), 1367--1386.
[41]
Plowman, T. Ethnography and critical design practice. In B. Laurel, ed., Design research: methods and perspectives. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003.
[42]
Pollock, N. and Williams, R. The business of expectations: How promissory organizations shape technology and innovation. Social Studies of Science 40, 4 (2010), 525--548.
[43]
Poole, E.S., Le Dantec, C.A., Eagan, J.R., and Edwards, W.K. Reflecting on the invisible: understanding enduser perceptions of ubiquitous computing. Proc. UBICOMP 2008, ACM (2008), 192--201.
[44]
Postigo, H. Questioning the Web 2.0 discourse: Social roles, production, values, and the case of the human rights portal. The Information Society 27, 3 (2011), 181--193.
[45]
Rabinow, P. and Bennett, G. Ars synthetica: Designs for human practice. Rice University Connexions Web site, Houston, TX, 2008.
[46]
Roberson, J. and Nardi, B. Survival needs and social inclusion: technology use among the homeless. Proc. CSCW 2010, ACM (2010), 445--448.
[47]
Rokeach, M. The nature of human values. Free Press, New York, 1973.
[48]
Saab, D.J. An ethnorelative framework for information system design. Proc. AMCIS 2008, Association for Information Systems (2008), 1--14.
[49]
Schuler, D. Social computing. Communications of the ACM 37, 1 (1994), 28--29.
[50]
Schwartz, S.H. Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna, ed., Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press, New York, 1992, 1--65.
[51]
Schwartz, S.H. Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations. In R. Jowell, C. Roberts, C. Fitzgerald and G. Eva, eds., Measuring attitudes cross-nationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey. Sage Publications, London, 2007, 169--203.
[52]
Sengers, P., Boehner, K., David, S., and Kaye, J. Reflective design. Proc. Critical computing 2005: between sense and sensibility, ACM (2005), 49--58.
[53]
Shilton, K., Koepfler, J.A., and Fleischmann, K.R. Charting sociotechnical dimensions of values for design research. The Information Society 29, 5 (2013).
[54]
Shilton, K. This is an intervention: Foregrounding and operationalizing ethics during technology design. In Emerging Pervasive Information and Communication Technologies (PICT). Ethical Challenges, Opportunities and Safeguards. Springer, New York, In Press.
[55]
Shilton, K. Values levers: Building ethics into design. Science, Technology & Human Values 38, 3 (2013), 374--397.
[56]
Siegrist, M., Cvetkovich, G., and Roth, C. Salient value similarity, social trust, and risk/benefit perception. Risk Analysis 20, 3 (2000), 353--362.
[57]
Suchman, L. Do categories have politics? The language/action perspective reconsidered. In B. Friedman, ed., Human values and the design of computer technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1997, 91--105.
[58]
Templeton, T.C. and Fleischmann, K.R. The relationship between human values and attitudes toward the Park51 and nuclear power controversies. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 48, 1 (2011), 1--10.
[59]
van der Burg, S. Imagining the future of photoacoustic mammography. Science and Engineering Ethics 15, 1 (2009), 97--110.
[60]
Verbeek, P.-P. Materializing morality. Science, Technology & Human Values 31, 3 (2006), 361--380.
[61]
Wang, F.-Y., Carley, K.M., Zeng, D., and Mao, W. Social computing: from social informatics to social intelligence. IEEE Intelligent Systems 22, 2 (2007), 79--83.
[62]
Winner, L. Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus 109, 1 (1980), 121--136.
[63]
Wohlsen, M. To beat Amazon, Walmart is treating its stores like apps. Wired.com, 2013. http://www.wired.com/business/2013/03/walmart-treatsstores-like-apps/.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)"It's the most fair thing to do but it doesn't make any sense": Perceptions of Mathematical Fairness Notions by Hiring ProfessionalsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373608:CSCW1(1-35)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Seam Work and Simulacra of Societal Impact in Networking Research: A Critical Technical Practice ApproachProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642337(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2024)Uncovering Digital Platforms’ Ethics and Politics: The Case of AirbnbPhilosophy & Technology10.1007/s13347-024-00742-y37:2Online publication date: 17-Apr-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. How to see values in social computing: methods for studying values dimensions

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CSCW '14: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
    February 2014
    1600 pages
    ISBN:9781450325400
    DOI:10.1145/2531602
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 15 February 2014

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. research methods
    2. value sensitive design
    3. values in design

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    CSCW'14
    Sponsor:
    CSCW'14: Computer Supported Cooperative Work
    February 15 - 19, 2014
    Maryland, Baltimore, USA

    Acceptance Rates

    CSCW '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 134 of 497 submissions, 27%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 2,235 of 8,521 submissions, 26%

    Upcoming Conference

    CSCW '25

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)86
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11
    Reflects downloads up to 01 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)"It's the most fair thing to do but it doesn't make any sense": Perceptions of Mathematical Fairness Notions by Hiring ProfessionalsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373608:CSCW1(1-35)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Seam Work and Simulacra of Societal Impact in Networking Research: A Critical Technical Practice ApproachProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642337(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2024)Uncovering Digital Platforms’ Ethics and Politics: The Case of AirbnbPhilosophy & Technology10.1007/s13347-024-00742-y37:2Online publication date: 17-Apr-2024
    • (2023)Seeing Like a Toolkit: How Toolkits Envision the Work of AI EthicsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35796217:CSCW1(1-27)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2023
    • (2023)Values in Emotion Artificial Intelligence Hiring Services: Technosolutions to Organizational ProblemsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35795437:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2023
    • (2023)Privacy Legislation as Business Risks: How GDPR and CCPA are Represented in Technology Companies' Investment Risk DisclosuresProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35795157:CSCW1(1-26)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2023
    • (2023)Flourishing in the Everyday: Moving Beyond Damage-Centered Design in HCI for BIPOC CommunitiesProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596057(917-933)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
    • (2023)Applying Human Values Theory to Software Engineering Practice: Lessons and ImplicationsIEEE Transactions on Software Engineering10.1109/TSE.2022.317008749:3(973-990)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023
    • (2023)AidUI: Toward Automated Recognition of Dark Patterns in User InterfacesProceedings of the 45th International Conference on Software Engineering10.1109/ICSE48619.2023.00166(1958-1970)Online publication date: 14-May-2023
    • (2023)Toward Automated Tools to Support Ethical GUI DesignProceedings of the 45th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings10.1109/ICSE-Companion58688.2023.00079(294-298)Online publication date: 14-May-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media