skip to main content
research-article

A Review of Wireless-Sensor-Network-Enabled Building Energy Management Systems

Published: 20 June 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Reducing energy consumption within buildings has been an active area of research in the past decade; more recently, there has been an increased influx of activity, motivated by a variety of issues including legislative, tax-related, as well as an increased awareness of energy-related issues. Energy usage both in commercial and residential buildings represents a significant portion of overall energy consumption; however, much of this may be categorized as waste, that is, energy usage that does not fulfil a definite purpose. In the past decade, the viability of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies has been demonstrated, leading to increased possibilities for novel services for building energy management. This development has resulted in numerous approaches being proposed for harnessing WSNs for energy management and conservation. This article surveys the state-of-the-art in building energy management systems. A generic architecture is proposed after which a detailed taxonomy of existing documented systems is presented. Gaps in the literature are highlighted and directions for future research identified.

References

[1]
W. Abrahamse, L. Steg, C. Vlek, and T. Rothengatter. 2005. A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. J. Environ. Psychol. 25, 3, 273--291.
[2]
A. Adrian, R. Ram, and S. Raffi. 2011. Power demand distributions: Segmenting consumers using smart meter data. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 49--50.
[3]
Y. Agarwal, B. Balaji, S. Dutta, R. Gupta, and T. Weng. 2011. Duty-cycling buildings aggressively: The next frontier in hvac control. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'11). 246--257.
[4]
Y. Agarwal, B. Balaji, R. Gupta, J. Lyles, M. Wei, and T. Weng. 2010. Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 1--6.
[5]
Y. Agarwal, R. Gupta, D. Komaki, and T. Weng. 2012. Buildingdepot: An extensible and distributed architecture for building data storage, access and sharing. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 64--71.
[6]
Y. Agarwal, T. Weng, and R. K. Gupta. 2009. The energy dashboard: Improving the visibility of energy consumption at a campus-wide scale. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 55--60.
[7]
M. Alahmad, P. Wheeler, A. Schwer, J. Eiden, and A. Brumbaugh. 2012. A comparative study of three feedback devices for residential real-time energy monitoring. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 59, 4, 2002--2013.
[8]
H. N. Alberto and A. S. F. Flavio. 2007. Use of simulation tools for managing buildings energy demand. http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2007/p494_final.pdf.
[9]
W. Anderson and V. White. 2009. Exploring consumer preferences for home energy display functionality. Energy saving trust. Centre for Sustainable Energy, Bristol. http://www.cse.org.uk/pdf/consumer_preferences_for_home_energy_display.pdf
[10]
K. Andrew, D.-H. Stephen, L. Linda, R. Omar, and C. David. 2011. A living laboratory study in personalized automated lighting controls. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 1--6.
[11]
S. Anthony, D. Declan, and R. Antonio. 2011. Copolan: Non-invasive occupancy profiling for preliminary assessment of hvac fixed timing strategies. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 53--54.
[12]
P. Arjunan, N. Batra, H. Choi, A. Singh, P. Singh, and M. B. Srivastava. 2012. Sensoract: A privacy and security aware federated middleware for building management. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 80--87.
[13]
S. Z. Attari, M. L. Dekay, C. I. Davidson, and W. Bruine De Bruin. 2010. Public perceptions of energy consumption and savings. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/08/06/1001509107.abstract.
[14]
M. Baranski and J. Voss. 2004. Genetic algorithm for pattern detection in nialm systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. 4, 3462--3468.
[15]
A. Barbato, L. Borsani, A. Capone, and S. Melzi. 2009. Home energy saving through a user profiling system based on wireless sensors. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 49--54.
[16]
G. Barrenetxea, F. Ingelrest, G. Schaefer, and M. Vetterli. 2008. The hitchhiker's guide to successful wireless sensor network deployments. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'08). ACM Press, New York, 43--56.
[17]
O. Bates, A. K. Clear, A. Friday, M. Hazas, and J. Morley. 2012. Accounting for energy-reliant services within everyday life at home. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pervasive Computing. Springer, 107--124.
[18]
G. Bauer, K. Stockinger, and P. Lukowicz. 2009. Recognizing the use-mode of kitchen appliances from their current consumption. In Smart Sensing and Context, P. Barnaghi, K. Moessner, M. Presser, and S. Meissner, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5741, Springer, 163--176.
[19]
C. Baumann, S. Holzer, M. Rodriguez, and R. Wattenhofer. 2012. Smart energy case study. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 36--38.
[20]
BDA. 2011. Building design advisor (lawrence berkeley national lab). http://gaia.lbl.gov/BDA.
[21]
C. Beckmann, S. Consolvo, and A. Lamarca. 2004. Some assembly required: Supporting end-user sensor installation in domestic ubiquitous computing environments. In Ubiquitous Computing, N. Davies, E. Mynatt, and I. Siio, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3205, Springer, 107--124.
[22]
D. Berdichevsky and E. Neuenschwander. 1999. Toward an ethics of persuasive technology. Comm. ACM 42, 5, 51--58.
[23]
M. Berges, E. Goldman, H. S. Matthews, L. Soibelman, and K. Anderson. 2011. User-centered non-intrusive electricity load monitoring for residential buildings. ASCE J. Comput. Civil Engin. 25, 471--480.
[24]
M. E. Berges, E. Goldman, H. S. Matthews, and L. Soibelman. 2010. Enhancing electricity audits in residential buildings with nonintrusive load monitoring. J. Industr. Ecol. 14, 5, 844--858.
[25]
D. Bergman, D. Jin, J. Juen, N. Tanaka, C. Gunter, and A. Wright. 2011. Nonintrusive load-shed verification. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 10, 1, 49--57.
[26]
B. A. Bing Dong. 2009. Sensor-based occupancy behavioral pattern recognition for energy and comfort management in intelligent buildings. In Proceedings of the 11th International IBPSA Conference on Building Simulation.
[27]
BLAST. 2013. Building loads analysis and system thermodynamics (blast). http://www.wbdg.org/tools.
[28]
G. Brandon and A. Lewis. 1999. Reducing household energy consumption: A qualitative and quantitative field study. J. Environ. Psychol. 19, 1, 75--85.
[29]
J. Byun, I. Hong, and S. Park. 2012. Intelligent cloud home energy management system using household appliance priority based scheduling based on prediction of renewable energy capability. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 58, 4, 1194--1201.
[30]
H.-H. Chang. 2012. Non-intrusive demand monitoring and load identification for energy management systems based on transient feature analyses. Energies 5, 11, 4569--4589.
[31]
H.-H. Chang, H.-T. Yang, and C.-L. Lin. 2008b. Load identification in neural networks for a nonintrusive monitoring of industrial electrical loads. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design IV, W. Shen, J. Yong, Y. Yang, J.-P. Barths, and J. Luo, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5236, Springer, 664--674.
[32]
J.-J. Chang, P.-C. Hsiu, and K. Tei-Wei. 2007. Search-oriented deployment strategies for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'07). 164--171.
[33]
X. Chen, T. Wei, and S. Hu. 2013. Uncertainty-aware household appliance scheduling considering dynamic electricity pricing in smart home. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 4, 2, 932--941.
[34]
Y. Cheng, K. Chen, B. Zhang, C.-J. M. Liang, X. Jiang, and F. Zhao. 2012. Accurate real-time occupant energy-footprinting in commercial buildings. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 115--122.
[35]
M. Chetty, D. Tran, and R. E. Grinter. 2008. Getting to green: Understanding resource consumption in the home. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'08). ACM Press, New York, 242--251.
[36]
I. Cho, C.-C. Shen, S. Potbhare, S. Bhattacharyya, and N. Goldsman. 2011. Design methods for wireless sensor network building energy monitoring systems. In Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN'11). 974--981.
[37]
E. K. Choe, S. Consolvo, J. Jung, B. L. Harrison, and J. A. Kientz. 2011. Living in a glass house: Survey of private moments in the home. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'11). 41--44.
[38]
J. Christoffersen, E. Petersen, and K. Johnsen. 1997. An experimental evaluation of daylight systems and lighting control. In Proceedings of the Right Light 4th European Conference on Energy Efficient Lighting. Vol. 2, 245--254.
[39]
J. Clarke, J. Cockroft, S. Conner, J. Hand, N. Kelly, R. Moore, T. Ołbrien, and P. Strachan. 2002. Simulation-assisted control in building energy management systems. Energy Buildings 34, 9, 933--940.
[40]
F. Corucci, G. Anastasi, and F. Marcelloni. 2011. A wsn-based testbed for energy efficiency in buildings. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'11). 990--993.
[41]
D. B. Crawley, L. K. Lawrie, F. C. Winkelmann, W. F. Buhl, Y. J. Huang, C. O. Pedersen, R. K. Strand, R. J. Liesen, D. E. Fisher, M. J. Witte, and J. Glazer. 2001. Energyplus: Creating a new-generation building energy simulation program. Energy Buildings 33, 4, 319--331.
[42]
D.-I. Curiac and C. Volosencu. 2010. Hierarchical lighting control in urban environments based on wireless sensor-actuator networks. In Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Dynamical Systems and Control (CONTROL'10). 163--166.
[43]
A. Cuzzocrea, G. Fortino, and O. Rana. 2013. Managing data and processes in cloud-enabled largescale sensor networks: State-of-the-art and future research directions. In Proceedings of the 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid'13). 583--588.
[44]
G. A. Darbellay and M. Slama. 2000. Forecasting the short-term demand for electricity: Do neural networks stand a better chance? Int. J. Forecast. 16, 1, 71--83.
[45]
S. Darby. 2006. The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption. A review for defra of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays. http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/energy/downloads/smart-metering-report.pdf.
[46]
S. Darby. 2010. Literature review for the energy demand research project. https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/59113/sd-ofgem-literature-review-final-081210.pdf.
[47]
D. T. Delaney, G. M. P. Ohare, and A. G. Ruzzelli. 2009. Evaluation of energy-efficiency in lighting systems using sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 61--66.
[48]
Distech Controllers. 2013. Distech's bacnet controllers. http://http://www.distech-controls.com.
[49]
DOE-2. 2011. The home of doe-2 based building energy use and cost analysis software. http://www.doe2.com.
[50]
A. R. Doherty, Z. Qiu, C. Foley, H. Lee, C. Gurrin, and A. F. Smeaton. 2010. Green multimedia: Informing people of their carbon footprint through two simple sensors. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia (MM'10). ACM Press, New York, 441--450.
[51]
H. Doukas, K. D. Patlitzianas, K. Iatropoulos, and J. Psarras. 2007. Intelligent building energy management system using rule sets. Building Environ. 42, 10, 3562--3569.
[52]
S. Drenker and A. Kader. 1999. Nonintrusive monitoring of electric loads. IEEE Comput. Appl. Power 12, 4, 47--51.
[53]
F. Drozd, T. Lehto, and H. Oinas-Kukkonen. 2012. Exploring perceived persuasiveness of a behavior change support system: A structural model. In Persuasive Technology. Design for Health and Safety, M. Bang and E. Ragnemalm, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7284, Springer, 157--168.
[54]
A. Eastwell. 1990. The status of bems. In Proceedings of the IEE Colloquium on Control in Building Energy Management Systems. 6/1--6/3.
[55]
Eia. 2013. US energy information administration. http://www.eia.gov.
[56]
Energy-2020. 2011. European strategy, europe 2020 initiative - energy 2020. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/strategies/2010/
[57]
Energy-Book. 2010. European commission statistical book on environment and energy. http://ec.europa.eu
[58]
Energyplus. 2011. Energyplus: Energy simulation software. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus.
[59]
V. L. Erickson and A. E. Cerpa. 2010. Occupancy based demand response hvac control strategy. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 7--12.
[60]
V. L. Erickson and A. E. Cerpa. 2012. Thermovote: Participatory sensing for efficient building hvac conditioning. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 9--16.
[61]
V. L. Erickson, Y. Lin, A. Kamthe, R. Brahme, A. Surana, A. E. Cerpa, M. D. Sohn, and S. Narayanan. 2009. Energy efficient building environment control strategies using real-time occupancy measurements. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 19--24.
[62]
A. Faruqui, S. Sergici, and A. Sharif. 2010. The impact of informational feedback on energy consumption survey of the experimental evidence. Energy 35, 4, 1598--1608.
[63]
C. Fischer. 2008. Feedback on household electricity consumption: A tool for saving energy? Energy Efficiency 1, 79--104.
[64]
G. Fitzpatrick and G. Smith. 2009. Technology-enabled feedback on domestic energy consumption: Articulating a set of design concerns. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 8, 1, 37--44.
[65]
J. Fogarty, C. Au, and S. E. Hudson. 2006. Sensing from the basement: A feasibility study of unobtrusive and low-cost home activity recognition. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'06). ACM Press, New York, 91--100.
[66]
J. Froehlich, E. Larson, S. Gupta, G. Cohn, M. Reynolds, and S. Patel. 2011. Disaggregated end-use energy sensing for the smart grid. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 10, 1, 28--39.
[67]
G. Gao and K. Whitehouse. 2009. The self-programming thermostat: Optimizing setback schedules based on home occupancy patterns. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 67--72.
[68]
V. Garg and N. K. Bansal. 2000. Smart occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption. Energy Buildings 32, 1, 81--87.
[69]
Google. 2011. Google powermeter for energy monitoring. http://www.google.com/powermeter.
[70]
A. Guinard, A. McGibney, and D. Pesch. 2009a. A wireless sensor network design tool to support building energy management. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 25--30.
[71]
D. Guinard, M. Weiss, and V. Trifa. 2009b. Are you energy-efficient: Sense it on the web! https://www.webofthings.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/guinard_et_al_demo_camera_ready.pdf.
[72]
S. Gupta, M. S. Reynolds, and S. N. Patel. 2010. Electrisense: Single-point sensing using emi for electrical event detection and classification in the home. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'10). ACM Press, New York, 139--148.
[73]
T. Hargreaves, M. Nye, and J. Burgess. 2010. Making energy visible: A qualitative field study of how householders interact with feedback from smart energy monitors. Energy Policy 38, 10, 6111--6119.
[74]
G. W. Hart. 1992. Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Proc. IEEE 80, 12.
[75]
S. Hay and A. Rice. 2009. The case for apportionment. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 13--18.
[76]
B.-J. Ho, H.-L. C. Kao, N. Chen, C.-W. You, H.-H. Chu, and M.-S. Chen. 2011. Heatprobe: A thermal-based power meter for accounting disaggregated electricity usage. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing. 55--64.
[77]
T. G. Holmes. 2007. Eco-visualization: Combining art and technology to reduce energy consumption. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C&C'07). ACM Press, New York, 153--162.
[78]
S. Houde, A. Todd, A. Sudarshan, J. Flora, and K. C. Armel. 2011. Real-time feedback and electricity consumption: A field experiment assessing the potential for savings and persistence. http://www.stanford.edu/group/peec/cgibin/docs/behavior/research/FieldExperimentPowermeter_vrevised_May2012_authors_vf_pdf.pdf.
[79]
J. Hsu, P. Mohan, X. Jiang, J. Ortiz, S. Shankar, S. Dawson-Haggerty, and D. Culler. 2010. Hbci: Human-building-computer interaction. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 55--60.
[80]
J. W. Hui and D. E. Culler. 2008. IP is dead, long live ip for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'08). ACM Press, New York, 15--28.
[81]
R. B. Hutton, G. A. Mauser, P. Filiatrault, and O. T. Ahtola. 1986. Effects of cost-related feedback on consumer knowledge and consumption behavior: A field experimental approach. J. Consumer Res. 13, 3, 327--336.
[82]
ISO-13567. 2013. Organization and naming of layers for cad. http://www.iso.org.
[83]
Y. Jaeyeong, P. Byungsung, and H. Kyeon. 2011. Context awareness-based disaggregation of residential load consumption. In Proceedings of the 18th International Federation of Automatic Control World Congress (IFAC'11).
[84]
X. Jiang, S. Dawson-Haggerty, P. Dutta, and D. Culler. 2009a. Design and implementation of a high-fidelity ac metering network. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'09). IEEE Computer Society, 253--264.
[85]
X. Jiang, M. Van Ly, J. Taneja, P. Dutta, and D. Culler. 2009b. Experiences with a high-fidelity wireless building energy auditing network. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 113--126.
[86]
D. Jung and A. Savvides. 2010. Estimating building consumption breakdowns using on/off state sensing and incremental sub-meter deployment. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 225--238.
[87]
G. Kalogridis, C. Efthymiou, S. Denic, T. Lewis, and R. Cepeda. 2010. Privacy for smart meters: Towards undetectable appliance load signatures. In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm'10). 232--237.
[88]
A. Kamilaris, A. Pitsillides, and M. Yiallouros. 2013. Building energy-aware smart homes using web technologies. J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ. 5, 2, 161--186.
[89]
J. D. Kaufman. 2001. Seegreen: A tool for real-time distributed monitoring of home electricity consumption. M.S. thesis, MIT Media Lab.
[90]
M. A. Kazandjieva, B. Heller, P. Levis, and C. Kozyrakis. 2008. Spotlight: Personal natural resource consumption profiler. In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (HotEmNets'08). http://nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw/NetworkSeminar/papers/spot.pdf.
[91]
Y. Kim, Z. M. Charbiwala, A. Singhania, T. Schmid, and M. B. Srivastava. 2009a. Energy dumpster diving. In Proceedings of the SOSP Workshop on Power Aware Computing and Systems (HotPower'09). http://csl.stanford.edu/∼christos/publications/2009.powernet.hotpower.pdf.
[92]
Y. Kim, T. Schmid, Z. M. Charbiwala, and M. B. Srivastava. 2009b. Viridiscope: Design and implementation of a fine grained power monitoring system for homes. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'09). ACM Press, New York, 245--254.
[93]
Y. Kim, T. Schmid, M. B. Srivastava, and Y. Wang. 2009c. Challenges in resource monitoring for residential spaces. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 1--6.
[94]
M. Kovatsch, M. Weiss, and D. Guinard. 2010. Embedding Internet technology for home automation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'10). 1--8.
[95]
A. Krioukov, G. Fierro, N. Kitaev, and D. Culler. 2012. Building application stack (bas). In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 72--79.
[96]
W. Kurschl and W. Beer. 2009. Combining cloud computing and wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services (iiWAS'09). ACM Press, New York, 512--518.
[97]
H. Lam, G. Fung, and W. Lee. 2007. A novel method to construct taxonomy electrical appliances based on load signaturesof. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 53, 2, 653--660.
[98]
T.-W. Lee, M. Lewicki, M. Girolami, and T. Sejnowski. 1999. Blind source separation of more sources than mixtures using overcomplete representations. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 6, 4, 87--90.
[99]
S. Leeb and J. L. Kirtley. 1993. A multiscale transient event detector for nonintrusive load monitoring. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (IECON'93), vol. 1. 354--359.
[100]
J. Lifton, M. Feldmeier, Y. Ono, C. Lewis, and J. A. Paradiso. 2007. A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'07). ACM Press, New York, 119--127.
[101]
X. Liu, B. Akinci, M. Berges, and J. H. Garrett JR. 2012. An integrated performance analysis framework for hvac systems using heterogeneous data models and building automation systems. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 145--152.
[102]
J. Lu, D. Birru, and K. Whitehouse. 2010a. Using simple light sensors to achieve smart daylight harvesting. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 73--78.
[103]
J. Lu, T. Sookoor, V. Srinivasan, G. Gao, B. Holben, J. Stankovic, E. Field, and K. Whitehouse. 2010b. The smart thermostat: Using occupancy sensors to save energy in homes. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 211--224.
[104]
A. E.-D. Mady, G. Provan, and N. Wei. 2012. Designing cost-efficient wireless sensor/actuator networks for building control systems. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 138--144.
[105]
T. Maile, M. Fischer, and V. Bazjanac. 2007. Building energy performance simulation tools -A lifecycle and interoperable perspective. http://cife.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/WP107.pdf.
[106]
A. Majumdar, D. H. Albonesi, and P. Bose. 2012. Energy-aware meeting scheduling algorithms for smart buildings. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 161--168.
[107]
J. Mankoff, D. Matthews, S. R. Fussell, and M. Johnson. 2007. Leveraging social networks to motivate individuals to reduce their ecological footprints. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07). 87--87.
[108]
A. Marchiori, D. Hakkarinen, Q. Han, and L. Earle. 2011. Circuit-level load monitoring for household energy management. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 10, 1, 40--48.
[109]
A. Marchiori and Q. Han. 2009. Using circuit-level power measurements in household energy management systems. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 7--12.
[110]
A. Marchiori and Q. Han. 2010. Distributed wireless control for building energy management? In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 37--42.
[111]
A. Marchiori, Q. Han, W. C. Navidi, and L. Earle. 2012. Building the case for automated building energy management. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 25--32.
[112]
D. Marsh, R. Tynan, D. Okane, and G. M. P. Ohare. 2004. Autonomic wireless sensor networks. Engin. Appl. Artif. Intell. 17, 7, 741--748.
[113]
D. Marshall. 1992. The past and future of building management systems. In Proceedings of the IEE Colloquium on Building Management Systems. 3--5.
[114]
P. Martin, D. Angela, S. Hermann, K. Giorgos, G. Giorgos, K. Elias, and R. Dimitrios. 2011. Simulation-assisted building energy performance improvement using sensible control decisions. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 61--66.
[115]
L. T. McCalley and C. J. H. Midden. 2002. Energy conservation through product-integrated feedback: The roles of goal-setting and social orientation. J. Econ. Psychol. 23, 5, 589--603.
[116]
L. McClelland and S. W. Cook. 1979. Energy conservation effects of continuous in-home feedback in all-electric homes. J. Environ. Syst. 9, 2, 169--173.
[117]
A. H. McMakin, E. L. Malone, and R. E. Lundgren. 2002. Motivating residents to conserve energy without financial incentives. Environ. Behav. 34, 848--863.
[118]
K. Menzel, D. Pesch, B. Oflynn, M. Keane, and C. Omathuna. 2008. Towards a wireless sensor platform for energy efficient building operation. Tsinghua Sci. Technol. Supplement 13, 1, 381--386.
[119]
Microsoft. 2011. Microsoft hohm to monitor home energy consumption. http://www.microsoft-hohm.com.
[120]
C. J. H. Midden, J. F. Meter, M. H. Weenig, and H. J. A. Zieverink. 1983. Using feedback, reinforcement and information to reduce energy consumption in households: A field-experiment. J. Econ. Psychol. 3, 1, 65--86.
[121]
A. Molina-Markham, P. Shenoy, K. Fu, E. Cecchet, and D. Irwin. 2010. Private memoirs of a smart meter. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 61--66.
[122]
Nest. 2013. Nest learning thermostat. http://www.nest.com.
[123]
A. H. Neto and F. A. S. Fiorelli. 2008. Comparison between detailed model simulation and artificial neural network for forecasting building energy consumption. Energy Buildings 40, 12, 2169--2176.
[124]
N.-H. Nguyen, Q.-T. Tran, J.-M. Leger, and T.-P. Vuong. 2010. A real-time control using wireless sensor network for intelligent energy management system in buildings. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Environmental Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS'10). 87--92.
[125]
L. K. Norford and S. B. Leeb. 1996. Non-intrusive electrical load monitoring in commercial buildings based on steady-state and transient load-detection algorithms. Energy Buildings 24, 1, 51--64.
[126]
OGC-3D. 2013. OGC advances standards for the built environment and 3D. http://www.opengeospatial.org.
[127]
G. M. P. O'Hare, C. Muldoon, M. J. Ogrady, R. W. Collier, O. Murdoch, and D. Carr. 2012. Sensor web interaction. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools 21, 2.
[128]
H. Oinas-Kukkonen. 2012. A foundation for the study of behavior change support systems. Person. Ubiq. Comput. 17, 6, 1223--1235.
[129]
OpenRoomMap. 2013. Openroommap: Annotate building floor maps with fine-grain positioned furniture, appliances and room features, in a user-friendly graphical user interface. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/openroommap.
[130]
J. Padget, H. Riat, M. Warnier, F. Brazier, and S. Natarajan. 2010. An agent-based infrastructure for energy profile capture and management. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Agent Technologies for Energy Systems (ATES'10).
[131]
K. Padmanabh, V. A. Malikarjuna, S. Sen, S. P. Katru, A. Kumar, C. S. Pawankumar, S. K. Vuppala, and S. Paul. 2009. Isense: A wireless sensor network based conference room management system. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 37--42.
[132]
M. Pallack, D. Cook, and J. Sullivan. 1980. Commitment and energy conservation. Appl. Social Psychol. 1, 1, 235--253.
[133]
S. Park, H. Kim, H. Moon, J. Heo, and S. Yoon. 2010. Concurrent simulation platform for energy-aware smart metering systems. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 56, 3, 1918--1926.
[134]
S. Patel, T. Robertson, J. Kientz, M. Reynolds, and G. Abowd. 2007. At the flick of a switch: Detecting and classifying unique electrical events on the residential power line. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'07). J. Krumm, G. Abowd, A. Seneviratne, and T. Strang, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4717, Springer, 271--288.
[135]
A. Pedrini, F. S. Westphal, and R. Lamberts. 2002. A methodology for building energy modelling and calibration in warm climates. Building Environ. 37, 8--9, 903--912.
[136]
D. Petersen, J. Steele, and J. Wilkerson. 2009. Wattbot: A residential electricity monitoring and feedback system. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09). ACM Press, New York, 2847--2852.
[137]
N. B. Priyantha, A. Kansal, M. Goraczko, and F. Zhao. 2008. Tiny web services: Design and implementation of interoperable and evolvable sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'08). ACM Press, New York, 253--266.
[138]
A. Rice, S. Hay, and D. Ryder-Cook. 2010. A limited-data model of building energy consumption. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 67--72.
[139]
D. Robins and J. Holmes. 2008. Aesthetics and credibility in web site design. Inf. Process. Manag. 44, 1, 386--399.
[140]
T. Rodden and S. Benford. 2003. The evolution of buildings and implications for the design of ubiquitous domestic environments. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'03). ACM Press, New York, 9--16.
[141]
A. Rowe, M. Berges, and R. Rajkumar. 2010. Contactless sensing of appliance state transitions through variations in electromagnetic fields. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 19--24.
[142]
A. Rowe, M. E. Berges, G. Bhatia, E. Goldman, R. Rajkumar, J. H. Garrett, J. M. F. Moura, and L. Soibelman. 2011. Sensor andrew: Large-scale campus-wide sensing and actuation. IBM J. Res. Devel. 55, 1.2, 6:1--6:14.
[143]
A. Ruzzelli, C. Nicolas, A. Schoofs, and G. O'Hare. 2010. Real-time recognition and profiling of appliances through a single electricity sensor. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'10). 1--9.
[144]
J. S. Sandhu. 2004. Wireless sensor networks for commercial lighting control: Decision making with multiagent systems. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Sensor Networks. 131--140.
[145]
T. Schmid, D. Culler, and P. Dutta. 2010. Meter any wire, anywhere by virtualizing the voltage channel. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 25--30.
[146]
A. Schoofs, A. Guerrieri, D. T. Delaney, G. M. P. Ohare, and A. Ruzzelli. 2010a. Annot: Automated electricity data annotation using wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'10), 2010. 1--9.
[147]
A. Schoofs, A. G. Ruzzelli, and G. M. P. Ohare. 2010b. Appliance activity monitoring using wireless sensors. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'10). ACM Press, New York, 434--435.
[148]
C. Seligman and J. M. Darley. 1976. Feedback as a means of decreasing residential energy consumption. J. Appl. Psychol. 62, 4, 363--368.
[149]
V. Singhvi, A. Krause, C. Guestrin, J. H. Garrett JR, and H. S. Matthews. 2005. Intelligent light control using sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'05). ACM Press, New York, 218--229.
[150]
A. Smeaton and A. Doherty. 2013. Persuading consumers to reduce their consumption of electricity in the home. In Persuasive Technology, S. Berkovsky and J. Freyne, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7822, Springer, 204--215.
[151]
A. So and W. Chan. 2012. Intelligent Building Systems. International Series on Asian Studies in Computer and Information Science, Springer.
[152]
J. Sousa, R. Babuska, P. Bruijn, and H. Verbruggen. 1996. Comparison of conventional and fuzzy predictive control. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. Vol. 3. 1782--1787.
[153]
V. Srinivasan, J. Stankovic, and K. Whitehouse. 2008. Protecting your daily in-home activity information from a wireless snooping attack. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'08). ACM Press, New York, 202--211.
[154]
Y. A. Strengers. 2011. Designing eco-feedback systems for everyday life. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'11). ACM Press, New York, 2135--2144.
[155]
V. Sundramoorthy, G. Cooper, N. Linge, and Q. Liu. 2011. Domesticating energy-monitoring systems: Challenges and design concerns. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 10, 1, 20--27.
[156]
K. Suzuki, S. Inagaki, T. Suzuki, H. Nakamura, and K. Ito. 2008. Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring based on integer programming. In Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference. 2742--2747.
[157]
Z. C. Taysi, M. A. Guvensan, and T. Melodia. 2010. Tinyears: Spying on house appliances with audio sensor nodes. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'10). ACM Press, New York, 31--36.
[158]
W. Thomas, B. Bharathan, D. Seemanta, G. Rajesh, and A. Yuvraj. 2011. Managing plug-loads for demand response within buildings. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 13--18.
[159]
A. Trianni and E. Cagno. 2012. Dealing with barriers to energy efficiency and SMES: Some empirical evidences. Energy 37, 1, 494--504.
[160]
Trnsys. 2013. Transient system simulation tool. http://www.trnsys.com.
[161]
R. Tynan, D. Marsh, D. Okane, and G. M. O'Hare. 2005. Intelligent agents for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. ACM Press, New York, 1179--1180.
[162]
U.S Department of Energy. 2011. Energy modeling and simulation software tools. http://www.eere.energy.gov.
[163]
R. Vaishakh and R. Anthony. 2011. Low-cost continuous thermal sensing. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 53--54.
[164]
G. Virk, K. Alkadhimi, J. Cheung, and D. Loveday. 1989. Advanced control techniques for bems. In Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management (COMADEM'89). R. Rao and A. Hope, Eds., Springer, 463--468.
[165]
J. Wall, G. Platt, G. James, and P. Valencia. 2007. Wireless sensor networks as agents for intelligent control of distributed energy resources. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC'07).
[166]
S. Wang and J. Xie. 2002. Integrating building management system and facilities management on the internet. Autom. Construct. 11, 6, 707--715.
[167]
W. Wang and B. Hua. 2009. Application of the automatic control technology for energy conservation of the air-conditioning system in substations in shanghai. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution -- Part 1 (CIRED'09). 1--4.
[168]
Y.-C. Wang, C.-C. Hu, and Y.-C. Tseng. 2005. Efficient deployment algorithms for ensuring coverage and connectivity of wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Wireless Internet. IEEE Computer Society, 114--121.
[169]
H. Wasilowski and C. Reinhart. 2009. Modelling an existing building in designbuilder/e+: Custom versus default inputs. In Proceedings of the Building Simulation Conference.
[170]
C. Wei and Y. Li. 2011. Design of energy consumption monitoring and energy-saving management system of intelligent building based on the internet of things. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC'11). 3650--3652.
[171]
M. Weiss, F. Mattern, T. Graml, T. Staake, and E. Fleisch. 2009. Handy feedback: Connecting smart meters with mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. ACM Press, New York, 1--4.
[172]
G. Wood and M. Newborough. 2007. Energy-use information transfer for intelligent homes: Enabling energy conservation with central and local displays. Energy Buildings 39, 4, 495--503.
[173]
T. Wu and M. Srivastava. 2012. Low-cost appliance state sensing for energy disaggregation. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'12). ACM Press, New York, 53--55.
[174]
W. Yao-Jung, D. Dennis, and R. Francis. 2011. Co-simulation based building controls implementation with networked sensors and actuators. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 55--60.
[175]
D. Yazar and A. Dunkels. 2009. Efficient application integration in ip-based sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys'11). ACM Press, New York, 43--48.
[176]
L.-W. Yeh, Y.-C. Wang, and Y.-C. Tseng. 2009. iPower: An energy conservation system for intelligent buildings by wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Sens. Netw. 5, 1--10.
[177]
T.-J. Yun. 2009. Investigating the impact of a minimalist in-home energy consumption display. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09). ACM Press, New York, 4417--4422.
[178]
M. Zeifman and K. Roth. 2011. Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 57, 1, 76--84.
[179]
Y. Zhu. 2006. Applying computer-based simulation to energy auditing: A case study. Energy Buildings 38, 5, 421--428.
[180]
A. Zoha, A. Gluhak, M. A. Imran, and S. Rajasegarar. 2012. Non-intrusive load monitoring approaches for disaggregated energy sensing: A survey. Sensors 12, 12, 16838--16866.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Digital Twins and Civil Engineering Phases: Reorienting Adoption StrategiesJournal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering10.1115/1.4066181(1-24)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
  • (2024)Mapping the technological landscape of green smart buildings: A patent analytics of key topics, leading companies, and technology gapsJournal of Building Engineering10.1016/j.jobe.2024.11102098(111020)Online publication date: Dec-2024
  • (2024)Concepts of user-centred lighting controls for office applications: A systematic literature reviewBuilding and Environment10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111321(111321)Online publication date: Feb-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 10, Issue 4
June 2014
480 pages
ISSN:1550-4859
EISSN:1550-4867
DOI:10.1145/2633905
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

Publication History

Published: 20 June 2014
Accepted: 01 September 2013
Revised: 01 July 2013
Received: 01 May 2012
Published in TOSN Volume 10, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Applications of sensor and actuator networks
  2. building energy management systems
  3. energy management and control
  4. energy usage feedback and control
  5. modelling of systems and physical environments
  6. sensor fusion and distributed inference
  7. simulation tools and environments

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed

Funding Sources

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)101
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4
Reflects downloads up to 19 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Digital Twins and Civil Engineering Phases: Reorienting Adoption StrategiesJournal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering10.1115/1.4066181(1-24)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
  • (2024)Mapping the technological landscape of green smart buildings: A patent analytics of key topics, leading companies, and technology gapsJournal of Building Engineering10.1016/j.jobe.2024.11102098(111020)Online publication date: Dec-2024
  • (2024)Concepts of user-centred lighting controls for office applications: A systematic literature reviewBuilding and Environment10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111321(111321)Online publication date: Feb-2024
  • (2024)Exploring the role of the Internet of Things in green buildingsEnergy Science & Engineering10.1002/ese3.184012:9(3779-3822)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Blockchain for Improving Security and Privacy in the Smart Sensor NetworkArtificial Intelligence‐Enabled Blockchain Technology and Digital Twin for Smart Hospitals10.1002/9781394287420.ch18(347-368)Online publication date: 10-Sep-2024
  • (2023)Haystack Fires in Australia: Causes and Considerations for Preventative ManagementAgriculture10.3390/agriculture1312223813:12(2238)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Data integration for digital twins in the built environment based on federated data modelsProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction10.1680/jsmic.23.00002176:4(194-211)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Sensing within Smart Buildings: A SurveyACM Computing Surveys10.1145/359660055:13s(1-35)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2023
  • (2023)A tiled multi-city urban objects dataset for city-scale building energy simulationScientific Data10.1038/s41597-023-02261-510:1Online publication date: 2-Jun-2023
  • (2023)Conducting Smart Energy Audits of Buildings with the use of Building Information ModellingEnergy and Buildings10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112884(112884)Online publication date: Feb-2023
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media