Abstract
Today, large business processes are composed of smaller, autonomous, interconnected subsystems, achieving modularity and robustness. Quite often, these large processes comprise software components as well as human actors, they face highly dynamic environments and their subsystems are updated and evolve independently of each other. Due to their dynamic nature and complexity, it might be difficult, if not impossible, to ensure at design-time that such systems will always exhibit the desired/expected behaviors. This, in turn, triggers the need for runtime verification and monitoring facilities. These are needed to check whether the actual behavior complies with expected business constraints, internal/external regulations and desired best practices. In this work, we present Mobucon EC, a novel monitoring framework that tracks streams of events and continuously determines the state of business constraints. In Mobucon EC, business constraints are defined using the declarative language Declare. For the purpose of this work, Declare has been suitably extended to support quantitative time constraints and non-atomic, durative activities. The logic-based language Event Calculus (EC) has been adopted to provide a formal specification and semantics to Declare constraints, while a light-weight, logic programming-based EC tool supports dynamically reasoning about partial, evolving execution traces. To demonstrate the applicability of our approach, we describe a case study about maritime safety and security and provide a synthetic benchmark to evaluate its scalability.
- Artikis, A. and Paliouras, G. 2009. Behaviour recognition using the event calculus. In Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations III, Springer, 469--478.Google Scholar
- Bauer, A., Leucker, M., and Schallhart, C. 2007. The good, the bad, and the ugly, but how ugly is ugly? In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Runtime Verification. Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bauer, A., Leucker, M., and Schallhart, C. 2011. Runtime verification for LTL and TLTL. ACM Trans. Softw. Engin. Methodol. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bragaglia, S., Chesani, F., Mello, P., Montali, M., and Torroni, P. 2012. Reactive event calculus for monitoring global computing applications. In Logic Programs, Norms and Action, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chesani, F., Mello, P., Montali, M., and Torroni, P. 2009. Verification of choreographies during execution using the reactive event calculus. In Proceedings of the Conference on Web Services and Formal Methods. Springer, 55--72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chesani, F., Mello, P., Montali, M., and Torroni, P. 2010. A logic-based, reactive calculus of events. Fundamenta Informaticae 1--2. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chittaro, L. and Montanari, A. 1996. Efficient temporal reasoning in the cached event calculus. Comput. Intell. 12.Google Scholar
- Clark, K. L. 1978. Negation as failure. In Logic and Data Bases, Plenum Press, 293--322.Google Scholar
- Dustdar, S. and Gombotz, R. 2006. Discovering web service workows using web services interaction mining. Int. J. Business Process Integr. Manage.Google Scholar
- Farrell, A. D. H., Sergot, M. J., Sallé, M., and Bartolini, C. 2005. Using the event calculus for tracking the normative state of contracts. Coop. Inf. Syst. 2--3.Google Scholar
- Giannakopoulou, D. and Havelund, K. 2001. Automata-based verification of temporal properties on running programs. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE'01). IEEE. Google ScholarDigital Library
- International Telecommunications Union 2001. Technical characteristics for a universal shipborne Automatic Identification System using time division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band. Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-1, International Telecommunications Union.Google Scholar
- Kowalski, R. A. and Sergot, M. J. 1986. A logic-based calculus of events. New Generation Comput. 4, 1, 67--95. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luckham, D. 2001. The Power of Events: An Introduction to Complex Event Processing in Distributed Enterprise Systems. Addison-Wesley. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maggi, F. M., Bose, R. P. J. C., and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2012. Efficient discovery of understandable declarative models from event logs. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. J. Ralyté, X. Franch, S. Brinkkemper, and S. Wrycza, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7328, Springer, 270--285. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maggi, F. M., Montali, M.,Westergaard, M., and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2011. Monitoring business constraints with linear temporal logic: An approach based on colored automata. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Process Management, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maggi, F. M., Mooij, A. J., and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2012. Analyzing vessel behavior using process mining. Poseidon. (To Appear).Google Scholar
- Maggi, F. M., Westergaard, M., Montali, M., and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2012. Runtime verification of ltl-based declarative process models. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Runtime Verification, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Montali, M. 2010. Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models: a Logic-Based Approach. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 56, Springer.Google Scholar
- Montali, M., Chesani, F., Maggi, F. M., and Mello, P. 2013. Towards data-aware constraints in declare. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Montali, M., Pesic, M., van der Aalst, W. M. P., Chesani, F., Mello, P., and Storari, S. 2010. Declarative specification and verification of service choreographies. ACM Trans. Web 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nezhad, H. R. M., Saint-Paul, R., Casati, F., and Benatallah, B. 2011. Event correlation for process discovery from web service interaction logs. VLDB J. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pauw, W., Lei, M., Pring, E., Villard, L., Arnold, M., and Morar, J. 2005. Web services navigator: Visualizing the execution of web services. IBM Syst. J. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pesic, M. 2008. Constraint-based workflow management systems: Shifting controls to users. Ph.D. thesis, Beta Research School for Operations Management and Logistics, Eindhoven.Google Scholar
- Pesic, M., Schonenberg, H., and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2007. Declare: Full support for loosely structured processes. In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC'07). IEEE. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pesic, M. and van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2006. A declarative approach for flexible business processes management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Process Management Workshops, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sadri, F. and Kowalski, R. A. 1995. Variants of the event calculus. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming. MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Shanahan, M. 1999. The event calculus explained. In Artificial Intelligence Today: Recent Trends and Developments, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Spanoudakis, G. and Mahbub, K. 2006. Non-intrusive monitoring of service-based systems. Coop. Inf. Syst. 3, 325--358.Google ScholarCross Ref
- van der Aalst, W. M. P. 2011. Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes. Springer. Google ScholarCross Ref
- van der Aalst, W. M. P., van Hee, K. M., van der Werf, J. M. E. M., and Verdonk, M. 2010. Auditing 2.0: Using process mining to support tomorrow's auditor. IEEE Computer 43, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Verbeek, E., Buijs, J., van Dongen, B., and van der Aalst, W. 2010. ProM 6: The process mining toolkit. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Process Management.Google Scholar
- Westergaard, M. 2011. Better algorithms for analyzing and enacting declarative workflow languages using ltl. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Process Management, Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Monitoring business constraints with the event calculus
Recommendations
Monitoring business constraints with linear temporal logic: an approach based on colored automata
BPM'11: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Business process managementToday's information systems record real-time information about business processes. This enables the monitoring of business constraints at runtime. In this paper, we present a novel runtime verification framework based on linear temporal logic and ...
Monitoring Constraints and Metaconstraints with Temporal Logics on Finite Traces
Runtime monitoring is a central operational decision support task in business process management. It helps process executors to check on-the-fly whether a running process instance satisfies business constraints of interest, providing an immediate feedback ...
Event calculus and temporal action logics compared
We compare the event calculus and temporal action logics (TAL), two formalisms for reasoning about action and change. We prove that, if the formalisms are restricted to integer time, inertial fluents, and relational fluents, and if TAL action type ...
Comments