skip to main content
10.1145/2556288.2557276acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Comparing flat and spherical displays in a trust scenario in avatar-mediated interaction

Published: 26 April 2014 Publication History

Abstract

We report on two experiments that investigate the influence of display type and viewing angle on how people place their trust during avatar-mediated interaction. By monitoring advice seeking behavior, our first experiment demonstrates that if participants observe an avatar at an oblique viewing angle on a flat display, they are less able to discriminate between expert and non-expert advice than if they observe the avatar face-on. We then introduce a novel spherical display and a ray-traced rendering technique that can display an avatar that can be seen correctly from any viewing direction. We expect that a spherical display has advantages over a flat display because it better supports non-verbal cues, particularly gaze direction, since it presents a clear and undistorted viewing aspect at all angles. Our second experiment compares the spherical display to a flat display. Whilst participants can discriminate expert advice regardless of display, a negative bias towards the flat screen emerges at oblique viewing angles. This result emphasizes the ability of the spherical display to be viewed qualitatively similarly from all angles. Together the experiments demonstrate how trust can be altered depending on how one views the avatar.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (p1397-sidebyside964.mp4)

References

[1]
Andrist, S., Pejsa, T., Mutlu, B., and Gleicher, M. Designing effective gaze mechanisms for virtual agents. In SIGCHI, ACM (2012), 705--714.
[2]
Bailenson, J. N., Yee, N., Merget, D., and Schroeder, R. The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, 4 (2006), 359--372.
[3]
Barnett White, T. Consumer trust and advice acceptance: The moderating roles of benevolence, expertise, and negative emotions. JCP 15, 2 (2005), 141--148.
[4]
Bekkering, E., and Shim, J. Trust in videoconferencing. Commun. ACM 49, 7 (2006), 103--107.
[5]
Bickmore, T., and Cassell, J. Relational agents: a model and implementation of building user trust. In SIGCHI, ACM (2001), 396--403.
[6]
Bohannon, L. S., Herbert, A. M., Pelz, J. B., and Rantanen, E. M. Eye contact and video-mediated communication: A review. Displays (2012).
[7]
Bos, N., Olson, J., Gergle, D., Olson, G., and Wright, Z. Effects of four computer-mediated communications channels on trust development. In SIGCHI, ACM (2002), 135--140.
[8]
Chen, M. Leveraging the asymmetric sensitivity of eye contact for videoconference. In SIGCHI, ACM (2002).
[9]
Dawes, R. M. Social dilemmas. Annual review of psychology 31, 1 (1980), 169--193.
[10]
Desai, M., Tsui, K. M., Yanco, H. A., and Uhlik, C. Essential features of telepresence robots. In TePRA, IEEE (2011), 15--20.
[11]
Deutsch, M. Trust and suspicion. The Journal of conflict resolution 2, 4 (1958), 265--279.
[12]
Ducheneaut, N., Yee, N., Nickell, E., and Moore, R. J. Alone together?: exploring the social dynamics of massively multiplayer online games. In SIGCHI, ACM (2006), 407--416.
[13]
Grossman, T., and Balakrishnan, R. The design and evaluation of selection techniques for 3d volumetric displays. In UIST, ACM (2006), 3--12.
[14]
Horn, D. B., Karasik, L., and Olsen, J. S. The effects of spatial and temporal video distortion on lie detection performance. In SIGCHI, ACM (2002), 714--715.
[15]
Kim, K., Bolton, J., Girouard, A., Cooperstock, J., and Vertegaal, R. Telehuman: effects of 3d perspective on gaze and pose estimation with a life-size cylindrical telepresence pod. In SIGCHI, ACM (2012), 2531--2540.
[16]
Lincoln, P., Welch, G., Nashel, A., Ilie, A., Fuchs, H., et al. Animatronic shader lamps avatars. In ISMAR, IEEE (2009), 27--33.
[17]
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., and Schoorman, F. D. An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review (1995), 709--734.
[18]
Nguyen, D., and Canny, J. Multiview: spatially faithful group video conferencing. In SIGCHI (2005), 799--808.
[19]
Nguyen, D. T., and Canny, J. Multiview: improving trust in group video conferencing through spatial faithfulness. In SIGCHI, ACM (2007), 1465--1474.
[20]
Okada, K., Maeda, F., Ichikawaa, Y., and Matsushita, Y. Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: Majic design. In CSCW (1994), 385--393.
[21]
Oyekoya, O., Steptoe, W., and Steed, A. Sphereavatar: a situated display to represent a remote collaborator. In SIGCHI, ACM (2012), 2551--2560.
[22]
Pan, Y., and Steed, A. Preserving gaze direction in teleconferencing using a camera array and a spherical display. In 3DTV-CON, 2012, IEEE (2012), 1--4.
[23]
Parker, S. G., Bigler, J., Dietrich, A., Friedrich, H., Hoberock, J., Luebke, D., McAllister, D., McGuire, M., Morley, K., Robison, A., et al. Optix: A general purpose ray tracing engine. TOG 29, 4 (2010), 66.
[24]
Rae, I., Takayama, L., and Mutlu, B. In-body experiences: Embodiment, control, and trust in robot-mediated communication. interaction 15, 28 (2013), 36.
[25]
Riegelsberger, J., Sasse, M. A., and McCarthy, J. D. The mechanics of trust: a framework for research and design. IJHCS 62, 3 (2005), 381--422.
[26]
Riegelsberger, J., Sasse, M. A., and McCarthy, J. D. Rich media, poor judgement? a study of media effects on users trust in expertise. In People and Computers XIXThe Bigger Picture. Springer, 2006, 267--284.
[27]
Roberts, D., Wolff, R., Rae, J., Steed, A., Aspin, R., McIntyre, M., Pena, A., Oyekoya, O., and Steptoe, W. Communicating eye-gaze across a distance: Comparing an eye-gaze enabled immersive collaborative virtual environment, aligned video conferencing, and being together. In VR (2009), 135--142.
[28]
Sellen, A., Buxton, B., and Arnott, J. Using spatial cues to improve videoconferencing. In SIGCHI (1992), 651--652.
[29]
Steptoe, W., Steed, A., Rovira, A., and Rae, J. Lie tracking: social presence, truth and deception in avatar-mediated telecommunication. In SIGCHI, ACM (2010), 1039--1048.
[30]
Swol, L. M., and Sniezek, J. A. Factors affecting the acceptance of expert advice. British Journal of Social Psychology 44, 3 (2005), 443--461.
[31]
Teoh, C., Regenbrecht, H., and O'Hare, D. Investigating factors influencing trust in video-mediated communication. In OzCHI, ACM (2010), 312--319.
[32]
Vertegaal, R., Weevers, I., Sohn, C., and Cheung, C. Gaze-2: conveying eye contact in group video conferencing using eye-controlled camera direction. In SIGCHI (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, 2003), 521--528.
[33]
Weise, T., Bouaziz, S., Li, H., and Pauly, M. Realtime performance-based facial animation. TOG 30, 77 (2011), 1--10.
[34]
Williams, E. Experimental comparisons of face-to-face and mediated communication: A review. Psychological Bulletin 84, 5 (1977), 963.
[35]
Yamashita, N., Hirata, K., Aoyagi, S., Kuzuoka, H., and Harada, Y. Impact of seating positions on group video communication. In CSCW, ACM (2008), 177--186.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Understanding the effect of a virtual moderator on people’s perception in remote discussion using social VRFrontiers in Virtual Reality10.3389/frvir.2023.11980244Online publication date: 18-Jul-2023
  • (2023)LUNAChair: Remote Wheelchair System Linking Users to Nearby People and AssistantsProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202310.1145/3582700.3582714(122-134)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2023
  • (2022)AnyPlace: Automatic Gaze Alignment of the Teleported Avatar for MR Collaborative EnvironmentsApplied Sciences10.3390/app1218915412:18(9154)Online publication date: 13-Sep-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Comparing flat and spherical displays in a trust scenario in avatar-mediated interaction

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      CHI '14: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      April 2014
      4206 pages
      ISBN:9781450324731
      DOI:10.1145/2556288
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 26 April 2014

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. avatars
      2. mixed reality
      3. spherical displays
      4. telecommunication
      5. trust

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Conference

      CHI '14
      Sponsor:
      CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      April 26 - May 1, 2014
      Ontario, Toronto, Canada

      Acceptance Rates

      CHI '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 465 of 2,043 submissions, 23%;
      Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

      Upcoming Conference

      CHI 2025
      ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      April 26 - May 1, 2025
      Yokohama , Japan

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)26
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
      Reflects downloads up to 22 Jan 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2023)Understanding the effect of a virtual moderator on people’s perception in remote discussion using social VRFrontiers in Virtual Reality10.3389/frvir.2023.11980244Online publication date: 18-Jul-2023
      • (2023)LUNAChair: Remote Wheelchair System Linking Users to Nearby People and AssistantsProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202310.1145/3582700.3582714(122-134)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2023
      • (2022)AnyPlace: Automatic Gaze Alignment of the Teleported Avatar for MR Collaborative EnvironmentsApplied Sciences10.3390/app1218915412:18(9154)Online publication date: 13-Sep-2022
      • (2021)Realistic 3D Swept-Volume Display with Hidden-Surface Removal Using Physical Materials2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR50410.2021.00032(113-121)Online publication date: Mar-2021
      • (2019)Immersiveness and Perceptibility of Convex and Concave DisplaysProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/107118131963114163:1(396-400)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2019
      • (2019)OmniGlobeProceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3322276.3322314(1427-1438)Online publication date: 18-Jun-2019
      • (2019)Investigating Spherical Fish Tank Virtual Reality Displays for Establishing Realistic Eye-Contact2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR.2019.8797905(950-951)Online publication date: Mar-2019
      • (2019)Perception of Volumetric Characters' Eye-Gaze Direction in Head-Mounted Displays2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR.2019.8797852(645-654)Online publication date: Mar-2019
      • (2018)Exploring the Influencing Factors of Human-Robot Trust from the Perspective of Interpersonal TrustAdvances in Social Sciences10.12677/ASS.2018.7408607:04(556-561)Online publication date: 2018
      • (2018)Design and implementation of a multi-person fish-tank virtual reality displayProceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3281505.3281540(1-9)Online publication date: 28-Nov-2018
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media