Kai Yang
Abstract
Future power grid systems are envisioned to be integrated with many distributed renewable energy sources (DRES). Energy storage is the key technology to enable reliable and cost-effective renewable energy. Given the fact that largescale energy storage device is usually costly to install and operate, we are naturally led to the following question: How much storage is needed to guarantee the stability of a power grid network with DRESs? This paper represents a first step in systematically exploring the tradeoff between the capacity of energy storage devices and the outage probability, i.e., the probability of the occurrence of imbalance between the supply and demand. We first propose a secure scheduling and dispatch (SSD) algorithm that is capable of maintaining the grid stability in the presence of volatility in the power generation. We then derive a closed-form bound to quantify the tradeoff between the storage capacity and the outage probability. Under mild assumptions, we reveal that, the outage probability decreases exponentially with respect to the square of the storage capacity. This finding implies that energy storage is an effective and economically viable solution to maintain the stability of a smart grid network even in the presence of many volatile and intermittent renewable energy sources. The impact of correlation in energy generation on the stability of a smart grid network is also investigated.
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Index Terms
- Outage-capacity tradeoff for smart grid with renewables
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Reviews
SeonYeong Han
As the role of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind turbines increases in smart grids, it is essential to "determine the maximum volatility a given power grid system can sustain." This paper aims to optimize required distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) by studying the relationship between "the capacity of energy storage devices" and the quality in terms of outage probability and supply uncertainty. This paper derives an optimization function for the minimal cost of DRES while the generations of the DRES satisfy the demand with a given condition. The condition is that when a number of DRES in a power grid are forced into an outage due to an unanticipated breakdown, that is, a degree of protection (DoP) α is given, the power grid is still reliable deterministically. Furthermore, when even more DRES than the DoP are forced into an outage, the system is feasible probabilistically. In a probabilistically feasible system, the system can estimate the risk of outage when it controls the amount of investment for a facility such as energy storage capacity. This paper studies the relationship between the outage probability and the minimum energy storage capacity, with the assumption that DRES "are independent with each other." As a result, it shows that "the outage probability can be driven down to as small as 1 e -8 if the relative energy storage capacity is only 0.25 percent." This paper also briefly presents how the correlation among DRES generation significantly affects the required storage capacity. The main contribution of this paper is that it provides mathematical foundations for the efficient scheduling and maintenance of DRES by analyzing outage probability. However, as DRES are apt to be correlated with each other because they are affected by a common factor-that is, weather-a practical solution will be made after further research on correlation is performed. Online Computing Reviews Service
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