research-article

Competition as an element of gamification for learning: an exploratory longitudinal investigation

Authors:

Sepandar Sepehr,

Milena HeadAuthors Info & Claims

Gamification '13: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications

Pages 2 - 9

https://doi.org/10.1145/2583008.2583009

Published: 02 October 2013 Publication History

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of gamification techniques in engaging students in a teaching context, in particular the influence of competition. We conducted a longitudinal survey study (informed by a focus group) -- in an MBA classroom that uses ERPsim, which is a gamified simulation system for teaching the SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software solution. Flow theory was used to understand engagement during this method of learning. We examined the effect of antecedents of Flow, such as skill and challenge, and the effect of Flow on its consequences such as satisfaction and student feelings. In line with earlier research, our results showed that losing a competition can have a detrimental effect on students' satisfaction and enjoyment; however, competition is still a key element that highly motivates students to engage in the gamification tasks.

References

[1]

Agarwal, R. and Karahanna, E. Time Flies When You're Having Fun: Cognitive Absorption and Beliefs about Information Technology Usage. MIS Quarterly 24, 4 (2000), 665.

Digital Library

[2]

Choi, D. and Kim, J. Why People Continue to Play Online Games: In Search of Online Contents. 7, 1 (2004), 11--25.

[3]

Csikszentmihalyi, M. Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 15, 3 (1975).

[4]

Csikszentmihalyi, M. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience: Steps toward enhancing the quality of life. Harper Collins Publishers, 1991.

[5]

Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., and Nacke, L. From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "Gamification." Proc. the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, (2011).

Digital Library

[6]

Foster, S. and Hopkins, J. ERP Simulation Game: Establishng Engagement, Collaboration And Learning. Proc. PACIS 2011, (2011).

[7]

Foster, S. and Hopkins, J. ERP Simulation Game: Establishng Engagement, Collaboration And Learning. Information Systems, (2011).

[8]

Guo, Y. M. and Poole, M. S. Antecedents of flow in online shopping: a test of alternative models. Information Systems Journal 19, 4 (2009), 369--390.

[9]

Hsu, C.-L. Exploring the Player Flow Experience in E-Game Playing. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 6, 2 (2010), 47--64.

Digital Library

[10]

Koufaris, M. Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior. Information Systems Research 13, 2 (2002), 205--223.

Digital Library

[11]

Léger, P. M. Using a simulation game approach to teach ERP concepts. Journal of Information Systems Education 17, 4 (2006), 441--448.

[12]

Mahfouz, A. Y. and Guo, Y. M. An Overview of Flow Theory in Ecommerce. (2011).

[13]

Reeves, B. and Read, J. L. Total engagement: using games and virtual worlds to change the way people work and businesses compete. Harvard Business School Press, 2009.

[14]

Shang, S. and Seddon, P. B. Assessing and managing the benefits of enterprise systems: the business manager's perspective. Information Systems Journal 12, 4 (2002), 271--299.

[15]

Shin, N. Online learner's 'flow' experience: an empirical study. British Journal of Educational Technology 37, 5 (2006), 705--720.

[16]

Song, H., Kim, J., Tenzek, K. E., and Lee, K. M. The effects of competition and competitiveness upon intrinsic motivation in exergames. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 4 (2013), 1702--1708.

Digital Library

[17]

Tauer, J. M. and Harackiewicz, J. M. The effects of cooperation and competition on intrinsic motivation and performance. Journal of personality and social psychology 86, 6 (2004), 849--61.

[18]

Vansteenkiste, M. and Deci, E. L. Competitively contingent rewards and intrinsic motivation: Can losers remain motivated? Motivation and emotion 27, 4 (2003), 273--299.

[19]

Vorderer, P., Hartmann, T., and Klimmt, C. Explaining the enjoyment of playing video games: the role of competition. Proc. the second international conference on Entertainment computing, (2003), 1--9.

Digital Library

[20]

Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., and Ritterfeld, U. Enjoyment: At the Heart of Media Entertainment. Communication Theory 14, 4 (2004), 388--408.

[21]

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., and Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology 54, 6 (1988), 1063.

[22]

Wixom, B. H. and Todd, P. a. A Theoretical Integration of User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance. Information Systems Research 16, 1 (2005), 85--102.

Digital Library

[23]

Yee, N. Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior 9, 6 (2006), 772--5.

Cited By

Thi Binh AHoang TQuang H(2024)Designing Effective Hybrid Course Curriculum: A Design Science Approach to Gamification and Student Outcomes ValidationEvaluation Review10.1177/0193841X241291752Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X241291752
Chowdhury ABunt A(2024)Exploring A Design Space for Digital Interventions Facilitating Early Adolescents’ Tech Disengagement: A Parent-Child PerspectiveProceedings of the 13th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3679318.3685382(1-17)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3679318.3685382
Kuang ELi MFan MShinohara K(2024)Enhancing UX Evaluation Through Collaboration with Conversational AI Assistants: Effects of Proactive Dialogue and TimingProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642168(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642168
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Competition as an element of gamification for learning: an exploratory longitudinal investigation

Recommendations

On the Pre-Perception of Gamification and Game-Based Learning in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Mapping Study
Background
The fields of gamification and game-based learning are growing and changing quickly, with researchers investigating the use of gamification in education using various methods and in numerous case studies, however, no research investigates the ...
Clashroom: A Game to Enhance the Classroom Experience (Abstract Only)
SIGCSE '16: Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education

Clashroom is a web-based fantasy game that was created to enhance the motivation and learning of a traditional classroom. It was created to address several drawbacks of other educational games by being broadly applicable to any course, requiring no ...
An Overview and Study on the Use of Games, Simulations, and Gamification in Higher Education

This article examines the use of both game-based learning GBL and gamification in tertiary education. This study focuses specifically on the use of games and/or simulations as well as familiarity with gamification strategies by communication faculty. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

Gamification '13: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications

October 2013

148 pages

ISBN:9781450328159

DOI:10.1145/2583008

General Chairs:
Lennart E. Nacke
University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada
,
Kevin Harrigan
University of Waterloo, Canada
,
Neil Randall
University of Waterloo, Canada

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

UWATERLOO: University of Waterloo
IMMERSe: IMMERSe Network
Waterloo Stratford Campus: University of Waterloo Stratford Campus
University of Ontario Institute of Technology

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 October 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

Gamification '13

Sponsor:

UWATERLOO
IMMERSe
Waterloo Stratford Campus

Gamification '13: Gameful Design, Research, and Applications

October 2 - 4, 2013

Ontario, Toronto, Canada

Acceptance Rates

Gamification '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 9 of 25 submissions, 36%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 9 of 25 submissions, 36%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

19
Total Citations
View Citations
1,557
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)103
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)13

Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Thi Binh AHoang TQuang H(2024)Designing Effective Hybrid Course Curriculum: A Design Science Approach to Gamification and Student Outcomes ValidationEvaluation Review10.1177/0193841X241291752Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X241291752
Chowdhury ABunt A(2024)Exploring A Design Space for Digital Interventions Facilitating Early Adolescents’ Tech Disengagement: A Parent-Child PerspectiveProceedings of the 13th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3679318.3685382(1-17)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3679318.3685382
Kuang ELi MFan MShinohara K(2024)Enhancing UX Evaluation Through Collaboration with Conversational AI Assistants: Effects of Proactive Dialogue and TimingProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642168(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642168
Lepe-Salazar FCortés-Álvarez T(2024)Towards an effective methodology for the integral gamification of classesMultimedia Tools and Applications10.1007/s11042-024-19846-wOnline publication date: 18-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19846-w
Marinho ABittencourt IDermeval DSantos JChallco GReis M(2024)How does the Mechanics of Competition and Collaboration Impact on Student’s Flow Experience in a Gamified Educational Environment? An Experimental Study in Higher Education (under review)Technology, Knowledge and Learning10.1007/s10758-024-09796-5Online publication date: 10-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09796-5
Chowdhury ABunt A(2023)Co-Designing with Early Adolescents: Understanding Perceptions of and Design Considerations for Tech-Based Mediation Strategies that Promote Technology DisengagementProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581134(1-16)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581134
Bucchiarone ASavary-Leblanc MLe Pallec XCicchetti AGérard SBassanelli SGini FMarconi A(2023)Gamifying model-based engineering: the PapyGame experienceSoftware and Systems Modeling10.1007/s10270-023-01091-822:4(1369-1389)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-023-01091-8
Zhang X(2023)Climate Change Literacy Gamified: How Gamification Mechanics Affect User Experience Factors in the User InterfacesHCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers10.1007/978-3-031-48050-8_27(408-425)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48050-8_27
Shieh MTsai YHsu FYang C(2023)Prototyping Gamification Apps Using Board Games: A Case Study of Muscle Stretching AppHCI in Games10.1007/978-3-031-35930-9_25(370-385)Online publication date: 9-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35930-9_25
Wimmer CStainer BGrechenig T(2022)On the Impact of Competitive Gameplay on Text Entry Performance - A Study Based on a Mobile Typing GameCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts10.1145/3491101.3519641(1-6)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491101.3519641
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten