research-article

MOOC's business models: turning black swans into gray swans

Authors:

Manuela Aparicio,

Fernando Bacao,

Tiago OliveiraAuthors Info & Claims

ISDOC '14: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication

Pages 45 - 49

https://doi.org/10.1145/2618168.2618175

Published: 16 May 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are black swans. A black swan is an unexpected event that emerges from reality and alters the reality itself. MOOCs have affected supply and demand in higher education. MOOCs distribute knowledge, classes on many areas of expertise for free. Millions of users, from all over the world are enrolling MOOCs courses. Universities are sharing resources and knowledge in the Internet no matter who or why. This paradigm shift has an impact on people's life. So, how can universities survive if they are giving knowledge for free? This paper presents a literature review on MOOCs. We also modulate this reality to minimize the jeopardy and maximize the good opportunities that MOOCs bring.

References

[1]

D. Cormier, "Seven black swans for education in 2012 | Dave's Educational Blog," Dave's Educational Blog, 2011. {Online}. Available: http://davecormier.com/edblog/2011/12/19/top-ten-blackswans/. {Accessed: 11-Mar-2014}.

[2]

N. N. Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Penguin UK, 2008.

Digital Library

[3]

Google, "Google Scholar," 2014. {Online}. Available: http://scholar.google.com. {Accessed: 18-Feb-2014}.

[4]

D. Cormier, "The CCK08 MOOC--Connectivism course, 1/4 way," Dave's Educ. Blog, vol. 2, 2008.

[5]

J. Daniel, "Making Sense of MOOCs: Musings in a Maze of Myth, Paradox and Possibility," J. Interact. Media Educ., vol. 3, no. 0, Dec. 2012.

[6]

A. McAuley, B. Stewart, G. Siemens, and D. Cormie, "The MOOC Model for Digital Practice." 2010.

[7]

M. J. Rosenberg, Beyond E-Learning: Approaches and Technologies to Enhance Organizational Knowledge, Learning, and Performance. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

[8]

A. Morri, "A bright future for distance learning: One Touch/Hughes alliance promotes interactive 'e-learning' service," Connected Planet Online, 17-Nov-1997.

[9]

D. Cormier, "The Original MOOCs: Introduction to Openness in Education," 2008. {Online}. Available: https://learn.canvas.net/courses/4/wiki/the-original-moocs. {Accessed: 08-Mar-2014}.

[10]

D. Cormier, Rhizomatic Education: Community as Curriculum. 2008.

[11]

T. Bates, "What's right and what's wrong about Courserastyle MOOCs," Online learning and distance education resources, 05-Aug-2012. {Online}. Available: http://www.tonybates.ca/2012/08/05/whats-right-and-whats-wrong-about-coursera-style-moocs/. {Accessed: 20-Mar-2013}.

[12]

O. Rodriguez, "The concept of openness behind c and xMOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)," Open Prax., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 67--73, Jan. 2013.

[13]

A. Fox, "From MOOCs to SPOCs," Commun. ACM, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 38--40, Dec. 2013.

Digital Library

[14]

G. Siemens, "Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. elearnspace," Dec-2012. {Online}. Available: http://www.webcitation.org/5bCzNxTAn. {Accessed: 26-Feb-2014}.

[15]

O. Rodriguez, "MOOCs and the AI-Stanford like Courses: Two Successful and Distinct Course Formats for Massive Open Online Courses," Eur. J. Open Distance E-Learn., pp. 67--73, Jul. 2012.

[16]

S. Kolowich, "U. of Maine campus experiments with small-scale, high-touch open courses | Inside Higher Ed," 2012. {Online}. Available: http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/09/06/u-maine-campus-experiments-small-scale-high-touch-open-courses. {Accessed: 13-Feb-2014}.

[17]

A. Balsamo, P. Boyer, M. Fernandes, R. Gajjala, S. Irish, A. Juhasz, E. Losh, J. Rault, and L. Wexler, "FemTechNet Whitepaper | FemTechNet," 2013.

[18]

"Major Players in the MOOC Universe - The Digital Campus 2013 - The Chronicle of Higher Education." {Online}. Available: http://chronicle.com/article/Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/. {Accessed: 08-Mar-2014}.

[19]

UDACITY, "About Us - Udacity," 2014. {Online}. Available: https://www.udacity.com/us. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[20]

Coursera, "Coursera," 2014. {Online}. Available: https://www.coursera.org/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[21]

edX, "edX - online courses and classes from the world's best," 2014. {Online}. Available: https://www.edx.org/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[22]

Khan Academy, "Khan Academy," 2014. {Online}. Available: https://www.khanacademy.org/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[23]

Udemy, "Online Courses - Anytime, Anywhere | Udemy," 2014. {Online}. Available: https://www.udemy.com/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[24]

"What You Need to Know About MOOCs - Technology - The Chronicle of Higher Education." {Online}. Available: http://chronicle.com/article/What-You-Need-to-Know-About/133475/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[25]

N. N. Taleb, The black swan: the impact of the highly improbable. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2010.

Digital Library

[26]

K. Jordan, "MOOC Completion Rates: The Data." 2013.

[27]

"The attack of the MOOCs," The Economist, 20-Jul-2013.

[28]

P. J. Carruth and A. K. Carruth, "Educational And Financial Impact Of Technology On Workforce Development.," Am. J. Bus. Educ., vol. 6, no. 5, 2013.

[29]

C. Dellarocas and M. Van Alstyne, "Money models for MOOCs," Commun. ACM, vol. 56, no. 8, p. 25, Aug. 2013.

Digital Library

[30]

The Chronicle of Higher Education, "25 Years of Declining State Support for Public Colleges - News - The Chronicle of Higher Education," 2014. {Online}. Available: http://chronicle.com/article/25-Years-of-Declining-State/144973?cid=megamenu. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[31]

D. Gifford, "A look at online education: Coursera, EdX and Udacity," Stanford Daily, 2013. {Online}. Available: http://www.stanforddaily.com/2013/01/30/a-look-at-online-education-coursera-edx-and-udacity/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[32]

C. Anderson, Free: The Future of a Radical Price. Random House, 2010.

Digital Library

[33]

L. Hyde, The Gift: How the Creative Spirit Transforms the World. Canongate Books, 2006.

[34]

A. Osterwalder, "The Business Model Ontology: A Proposition in a Design Science," 2004.

[35]

J. Gordijn, A. Osterwalder, and Y. Pigneur, "Comparing two business model ontologies for designing e-business models and value constellations," Proc. 18th Bled EConference Bled Slov., pp. 6--8, 2005.

[36]

A. Osterwalder and Y. Pigneur, Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, 1st ed. Wiley, 2010.

[37]

A. Fini, "The Technological Dimension of a Massive Open Online Course: The Case of the CCK08 Course Tools," Int. Rev. Res. Open Distance Learn., vol. 10, no. 5, Nov. 2009.

[38]

S. Downes, "Places to go: Connectivism & connective knowledge," 2008.

[39]

G. Christensen, A. Steinmetz, B. Alcorn, A. Bennett, D. Woods, and E. J. Emanuel, "The MOOC Phenomenon: Who Takes Massive Open Online Courses and Why?," Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2350964, Nov. 2013.

[40]

S. Kolowwich, "MOOCs May Not Be So Disruptive After All - Technology - The Chronicle of Higher Education," 2013. {Online}. Available: http://chronicle.com/article/MOOCs-May-Not-Be-So-Disruptive/140965/. {Accessed: 12-Mar-2014}.

[41]

L. Yuan, S. Powell, and B. Olivier, "Beyond MOOCs: Sustainable Online Learning in Institutions | cetis publications," 2014.

[42]

W. Bernhard, N. Bittel, S. Van Der Vlies, M. Bettoni, and N. Roth, "The MOOCs Business Model," Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 106, pp. 2931--2937, Dec. 2013.

[43]

E. Wenger, Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Cited By

Costa CAparicio MAparicio SAparicio J(2024)The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical FrameworkApplied Sciences10.3390/app1418823614:18(8236)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188236
Shi YHaller AReeson ALi XLi C(2024)Investigating the effects of nudges to promote knowledge-sharing behaviours on MOOC forums: a mixed method designBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2024.231628744:2(289-314)Online publication date: 16-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2316287
Yusriadi YMakkulawu Panyiwi Kessi AAwaluddin MSarabani L(2022)e-Learning-Based Education Resilience in IndonesiaEducation Research International10.1155/2022/77747022022(1-9)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7774702
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Using MOOC technology and formative assessment in a conceptual modelling course: an experience report
MODELS '18: Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings

Online and blended learning are employed by educators in a wide variety of fields, from literature to computer science, from medicine to astronomy. However, online and, specifically, MOOC and SPOC technologies are still not widespread in the field of ...
The role of quality factors in supporting self-regulated learning (SRL) skills in MOOC environment
Abstract
As a crucial factor that affects the learning performance in MOOC, self-regulated learning (SRL) has elicited considerable interest. Self-regulated learners can manage their learning activities efficiently, however, researchers indicate that MOOC ...
Perception of MOOC Pedagogical Tools and Learners' Learning Styles in MOOC Blended Teaching: a Case Study
ICEBT '19: Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology

Rapid development has been achieved since the emergence of MOOC in 2008, but there are still many defects in the popularization of MOOC. Developing blended teaching by utilizing is considered to be one of effective means to overcome these shortcomings. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

ISDOC '14: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication

May 2014

192 pages

ISBN:9781450327138

DOI:10.1145/2618168

General Chairs:
Carlos J. Costa
ISCTE-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
,
Manuela Aparicio
Adetti/ISCTE, Lisboa, Portugal

Copyright © 2014 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

ADETTI-IUL: Advanced IS&IT Research Center
EuroSIGDOC: ACM SIGDOC European chapter

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 May 2014

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

ISDOC 2014

Sponsor:

ADETTI-IUL
EuroSIGDOC

ISDOC 2014: ISDOC 2014 - International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication

May 16 - 17, 2014

Lisbon, Portugal

Acceptance Rates

ISDOC '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 31 of 63 submissions, 49%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 31 of 63 submissions, 49%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

6
Total Citations
View Citations
470
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)8
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 03 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Costa CAparicio MAparicio SAparicio J(2024)The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical FrameworkApplied Sciences10.3390/app1418823614:18(8236)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188236
Shi YHaller AReeson ALi XLi C(2024)Investigating the effects of nudges to promote knowledge-sharing behaviours on MOOC forums: a mixed method designBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2024.231628744:2(289-314)Online publication date: 16-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2316287
Yusriadi YMakkulawu Panyiwi Kessi AAwaluddin MSarabani L(2022)e-Learning-Based Education Resilience in IndonesiaEducation Research International10.1155/2022/77747022022(1-9)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7774702
Rosmansyah YPutro BPutri AUtomo NSuhardi (2022)A simple model of smart learning environmentInteractive Learning Environments10.1080/10494820.2021.202029531:9(5831-5852)Online publication date: 4-Jan-2022
https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.2020295
Albelbisi NYusop FSalleh U(2018)Mapping the Factors Influencing Success of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) in Higher EducationEURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education10.29333/ejmste/9148614:7Online publication date: 2018
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91486
Uijl SFilius RTen Cate O(2017)Student Interaction in Small Private Online CoursesMedical Science Educator10.1007/s40670-017-0380-x27:2(237-242)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2017
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-017-0380-x

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten