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Perceptual evaluation of cardboarding in 3D content visualization

Published: 08 August 2014 Publication History

Abstract

A pervasive artifact that occurs when visualizing 3D content is the so-called "cardboarding" effect, where objects appear flat due to depth compression, with relatively little research conducted to perceptually quantify its effects. Our aim is to shed light on the subjective preferences and practical perceptual limits of stereo vision with respect to cardboarding. We present three experiments that explore the consequences of displaying simple scenes with reduced depths using both subjective ratings and adjustments and objective sensitivity metrics. Our results suggest that compressing depth to 80% or above is likely to be acceptable, whereas sensitivity to the cardboarding artifact below 30% is very high. These values could be used in practice as guidelines for commonplace depth mapping operations in 3D production pipelines.

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Cited By

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  • (2017)The Stereoscopic Zoom2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)10.1109/CVPRW.2017.170(1295-1304)Online publication date: Jul-2017
  • (2016)Gaze prediction using machine learning for dynamic stereo manipulation in games2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)10.1109/VR.2016.7504694(113-120)Online publication date: Mar-2016
  • (2016)Depth-tunable three-dimensional display with interactive light field controlOptics Communications10.1016/j.optcom.2016.03.066371(166-172)Online publication date: Jul-2016

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  1. Perceptual evaluation of cardboarding in 3D content visualization

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        cover image ACM Conferences
        SAP '14: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
        August 2014
        137 pages
        ISBN:9781450330091
        DOI:10.1145/2628257
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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        Published: 08 August 2014

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        Author Tags

        1. non-photorealistic rendering
        2. stereo
        3. stereo 3D

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        SAP '14: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2014
        August 8 - 9, 2014
        British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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        View all
        • (2017)The Stereoscopic Zoom2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)10.1109/CVPRW.2017.170(1295-1304)Online publication date: Jul-2017
        • (2016)Gaze prediction using machine learning for dynamic stereo manipulation in games2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)10.1109/VR.2016.7504694(113-120)Online publication date: Mar-2016
        • (2016)Depth-tunable three-dimensional display with interactive light field controlOptics Communications10.1016/j.optcom.2016.03.066371(166-172)Online publication date: Jul-2016

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