skip to main content
research-article

A Synthesis Algorithm for 4-Bit Reversible Logic Circuits with Minimum Quantum Cost

Published: 30 December 2014 Publication History

Abstract

This article presents an algorithm which can quickly find the exact minimum solution to almost all of 4-bit reversible functions. We assume minimization of quantum cost (MQC). This algorithm is designed in the most memory-efficient way, or it will quickly run out of memory. Therefore, we construct the shortest coding of permutations, the topological compression and flexible data structures for the memory savings. First, hash tables are used for all 8-gate 4-bit circuits with the minimization of gate count (MGC) by using the GT library (with NOT, CNOT, Toffoli and Toffoli-4 gates). Second, we merge and split the hash tables, thus generating a single longer hash table for high-performance. Third, we synthesize these circuits with MQC by using the GTP library (with GT, Peres, and Inverted Peres gates) based on the hash table. Finally, according to the comparison of the QC of circuits, the algorithm can quickly converge for any 4-bit reversible circuit with MQC. By synthesizing all benchmark functions, in comparison with Szyprowski and Kerntopf [2011], the running time and QC are reduced up to 99.95% and 18.2%, respectively.

References

[1]
R. P. Feynman. 1986. Quantum mechanical computers. Found. Phys. 16, 6, 507--531.
[2]
A. Peres. 1985. Reversible logic and quantum computers. Phys. Rev. A 32, 6 (1985), 3266--3276.
[3]
P. Gupta, A. Agrawal, and N. K. Jha. 2006. An algorithm for synthesis of reversible logic circuits. IEEE Trans. CAD Integ. Circ. Syst. 25, 11 (2006), 2317--2330.
[4]
M. Saeedi and I. L. Markov. 2013. Synthesis and optimization of reversible circuits - A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 45, 2, 21--34.
[5]
O. Golubitsky and D. Maslov. 2012. A study of optimal 4-bit reversible Toffoli circuits and their synthesis. IEEE Trans. Comput. 61, 9, 1341--1353.
[6]
M. Szyprowski and P. Kerntopf. 2011. Reducing quantum cost in reversible Toffoli circuits. In Proceedings of Reed-Muller 2011 Workshop, Tuusula, Finland, IEEE Computer Society, 127--136.
[7]
Z. Li, H. Chen, and X. Song. 2012. Efficient synthesis of optimal 3-qubit reversible circuits using bit operation. Int. J. Digit. Cont. Tech. Its Appl. 6, 11, 402--408.
[8]
D. Maslov. 2011. Reversible logic synthesis benchmarks page, http://www.cs.uvic.ca/∼dmaslov.
[9]
Z. Li, H. Chen, B. Xu, W. Liu, X. Song, and X. Xue. 2008. Fast algorithm for 4-qubit reversible logic circuits synthesis. In Proceedings of WCCI'08. 2202--2207.
[10]
Z. Li, H. Chen, G. Yang, and W. Liu. 2013. Efficient algorithms for optimal 4-bit reversible logic system synthesis. J. Appl. Math. 2013 Article ID 291410, doi.org/10.1155/2013/291410
[11]
L. Tran, N. Alhagi, M. Lukac, R. Fiszer, M. Hawash, Z. Li, and M. Perkowski. 2013. An approach to synthesis of reversible circuits based on combination of methods. Tech. Rep., ECE, Portland State University, Portland, OR.
[12]
D. Maslov and M. Saeedi. 2011. Reversible circuit optimization via leaving the Boolean domain. IEEE Trans. Comput. - Aided Des. Integ. Circ. Syst. 30, 6, 806--816.
[13]
A. K. Prasad, V. V. Shende, K. N. Patel, I. L. Markov, and J. P. Hayes. 2006. Data structures and algorithms for simplifying reversible circuits. ACM J. Emerg. Tech. Comput. Syst. 2, 4, 277--293.
[14]
M. Perkowski, L. Jozwiak, P. Kerntopf, A. Mishchenko, and A. Al-Rabadi. 2001. A general decomposition for reversible logic. In Proceedings of 5th Reed-Muller Workshop. 119--138.
[15]
M. Saeedi, M. S. Zamani, and M. Sedighi. 2007. On the behavior of substitution-based reversible circuit synthesis algorithms investigation and improvement, In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI'07), IEEE Computer Society, 428--436.
[16]
D. M. Miller. 2002. Spectral and two-place decomposition techniques in reversible logic. In Proceedings of 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). 3, 1, 4--7.
[17]
O. Golubitsky, S. M. Falconer, and D. Maslov. 2010. Synthesis of the optimal 4-bit reversible circuits. In Proceedings of 47th DAC. 653--656.
[18]
R. Wille, D. Groß e, L. Teuber, G. W. Dueck, and R. Drechsler. 2008. RevLib: An online resource for reversible functions and reversible circuits. In Proceedings of International Symposium Multi-Valued Logic, 220--225. {Online}. Available: http://www.revlib.org.
[19]
G. Yang, F. Xie, W. N. N. Hung, X. Song, and M. Perkowski. 2011. Realization and synthesis of reversible Circuits. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 412, 17, 1606--1613.
[20]
A. Younes. 2011. Detection and elimination of non-trivial reversible identities. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Appl. 2, 4, 49--61.
[21]
G. Yang, X. Song, W. N. N. Hung, and M. Perkowski. 2008. Bi-directional synthesis of 4-bit reversible circuits. Computer J. 51, 2, 207--215.
[22]
A. Younes. 2012. Detection and elimination of non-trivial reversible identities. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Appl. 2, 4, 49--61.
[23]
Nouraddin Alhagi, M. Lukac, L. Tran, and M. Perkowski. 2012. Two-stage approach to the minimization of quantum circuits based on ESOP minimization and addition of a single ancilla qubit. In Proceedings of 21st ULSI'12.
[24]
Z. Li. 2013. 4-bit reversible logic synthesis benchmarks page, http://itedu.yzu.edu.cn/∼zli/4-bit.html.

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Search-Based Reversible Logic Synthesis Using Mixed-Polarity GatesDesign and Testing of Reversible Logic10.1007/978-981-13-8821-7_6(93-113)Online publication date: 28-Jul-2019

Index Terms

  1. A Synthesis Algorithm for 4-Bit Reversible Logic Circuits with Minimum Quantum Cost

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems
    ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems  Volume 11, Issue 3
    Special Issue on Computational Synthetic Biology and Regular Papers
    December 2014
    219 pages
    ISSN:1550-4832
    EISSN:1550-4840
    DOI:10.1145/2711453
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    © 2014 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of a national government. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only.

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Journal Family

    Publication History

    Published: 30 December 2014
    Accepted: 01 April 2014
    Revised: 01 December 2013
    Received: 01 September 2013
    Published in JETC Volume 11, Issue 3

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Automatic synthesis
    2. optimization
    3. quantum cost
    4. reversible logic

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed

    Funding Sources

    • National Natural Science Foundation of China
    • Natural Science Foundation of College of Jiangsu Province
    • Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)2
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2019)Search-Based Reversible Logic Synthesis Using Mixed-Polarity GatesDesign and Testing of Reversible Logic10.1007/978-981-13-8821-7_6(93-113)Online publication date: 28-Jul-2019

    View Options

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media