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Circular coding with interleaving phase

Published: 16 September 2014 Publication History

Abstract

A general two-dimensional coding method is presented that allows recovery of data based on only a cropped portion of the code, and without knowledge of the carrier image. A description of both an encoding and recovery system is provided. Our solution involves repeating a payload with a fixed number of bits, assigning one bit to every symbol in the image - whether that symbol is data carrying or non-data carrying - with the goal of guaranteeing recovery of all the bits in the payload. Because the technique is applied to images, for aesthetic reasons we do not use fiducials, and do not employ any end-of-payload symbols. The beginning of the payload is determined by a phase code that is interleaved between groups of payload rows. The recovery system finds the phase row by evaluating candidate rows, and ranks confidence based on the sample variance. The target application is data-bearing clustered-dot halftones, so special consideration is given to the resulting checkerboard subsampling. This particular application is examined via exhaustive simulations to quantify the likelihood of unrecoverable bits and bit redundancy as a function of offset, crop window size, and phase code spacing.

References

[1]
Ulichney, R., Gaubatz, M., Simske, S., "Encoding Information in Clustered-Dot Halftones", IS&T NIP26 (26th Int. Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies), Austin, TX, 602--605, Sep 2010.
[2]
Bulan, O., Sharma, G., and Monga, V., "Orientation Modulation for Data Hiding in Clustered-Dot Halftone Prints," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 2070--2084, Aug 2010.
[3]
Solanki, K., Madhow, U., Manjanuath, B., Chandrasekaran,S., and El-Khalil, I., "'Print and Scan' Resilient Data Hiding in Images," IEEE Transaction on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 1, pp. 464--478, 2006.
[4]
Ulichney, R., M. Gaubatz, S. Simske, "Circular Coding for Data Embedding", IS&T NIP29 (29th Int. Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies), Seattle, WA, Sep. 2013.
[5]
Chen, Y., Ulichney, R., Gaubatz, M., Pollard, S., "Stegatone Performance Characterization", Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2013, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging Symposium, 8665--27, Feb 3-7, 2013.

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cover image ACM Conferences
DocEng '14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM symposium on Document engineering
September 2014
226 pages
ISBN:9781450329491
DOI:10.1145/2644866
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 September 2014

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Author Tags

  1. coding
  2. data recovery
  3. data-bearing hardcopy
  4. halftoning

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  • Research-article

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DocEng '14
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DocEng '14: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2014
September 16 - 19, 2014
Colorado, Fort Collins, USA

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DocEng '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 15 of 41 submissions, 37%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 194 of 564 submissions, 34%

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