research-article

Nested Kernel: An Operating System Architecture for Intra-Kernel Privilege Separation

Authors:

Nathan Dautenhahn,

Theodoros Kasampalis,

Vikram AdveAuthors Info & Claims

ASPLOS '15: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Pages 191 - 206

https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694386

Published: 14 March 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Monolithic operating system designs undermine the security of computing systems by allowing single exploits anywhere in the kernel to enjoy full supervisor privilege. The nested kernel operating system architecture addresses this problem by "nesting" a small isolated kernel within a traditional monolithic kernel. The "nested kernel" interposes on all updates to virtual memory translations to assert protections on physical memory, thus significantly reducing the trusted computing base for memory access control enforcement. We incorporated the nested kernel architecture into FreeBSD on x86-64 hardware while allowing the entire operating system, including untrusted components, to operate at the highest hardware privilege level by write-protecting MMU translations and de-privileging the untrusted part of the kernel. Our implementation inherently enforces kernel code integrity while still allowing dynamically loaded kernel modules, thus defending against code injection attacks. We also demonstrate that the nested kernel architecture allows kernel developers to isolate memory in ways not possible in monolithic kernels by introducing write-mediation and write-logging services to protect critical system data structures. Performance of the nested kernel prototype shows modest overheads: <1% average for Apache and 2.7% for kernel compile. Overall, our results and experience show that the nested kernel design can be retrofitted to existing monolithic kernels, providing important security benefits.

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Cited By

Chen HMiao XJia NWang NLi YLiu NLiu YWang FHuang QLi KYang HWang HYin JPeng YXu FGavrilovska ATerry D(2024)Microkernel goes generalProceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/3691938.3691963(465-485)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3691938.3691963
Lee SKim SSong CWoo BAhn ELee JJang YJang JLee HKang BHong JPark J(2024)GENESIS: A Generalizable, Efficient, and Secure Intra-kernel Privilege SeparationProceedings of the 39th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/3605098.3635951(1366-1375)Online publication date: 8-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3605098.3635951
Xu SWang YLei LSun KJing JMa SWang JHuang H(2024)Condo: Enhancing Container Isolation Through Kernel Permission Data ProtectionIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/TIFS.2024.341191519(6168-6183)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3411915
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Index Terms

Nested Kernel: An Operating System Architecture for Intra-Kernel Privilege Separation
1. Security and privacy
  1. Systems security
    1. Operating systems security
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Designing software
  2. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems

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cover image ACM Conferences

ASPLOS '15: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

March 2015

720 pages

ISBN:9781450328357

DOI:10.1145/2694344

General Chairs:
Ozcan Ozturk
Bilkent University, Turkey
,
Kemal Ebcioglu
Global Supercomputing, USA
,
Program Chair:
Sandhya Dwarkadas
University of Rochester, USA

ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News Volume 43, Issue 1
ASPLOS'15
March 2015
676 pages
ISSN:0163-5964
DOI:10.1145/2786763
Editor:
Doug DeGroot
acm dot org
Issue’s Table of Contents
ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 50, Issue 4
ASPLOS '15
April 2015
676 pages
ISSN:0362-1340
EISSN:1558-1160
DOI:10.1145/2775054
Editor:
Andy Gill
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
Issue’s Table of Contents

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Chen HMiao XJia NWang NLi YLiu NLiu YWang FHuang QLi KYang HWang HYin JPeng YXu FGavrilovska ATerry D(2024)Microkernel goes generalProceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/3691938.3691963(465-485)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3691938.3691963
Lee SKim SSong CWoo BAhn ELee JJang YJang JLee HKang BHong JPark J(2024)GENESIS: A Generalizable, Efficient, and Secure Intra-kernel Privilege SeparationProceedings of the 39th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/3605098.3635951(1366-1375)Online publication date: 8-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3605098.3635951
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https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3411915
Richter IZhou JCriswell J(2024)DeTRAP: RISC-V Return Address Protection With Debug Triggers2024 IEEE Secure Development Conference (SecDev)10.1109/SecDev61143.2024.00021(166-177)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2024
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Yang FHuang WKaoudis KVahldiek-Oberwagner ADautenhahn N(2023)Endoprocess: Programmable and Extensible Subprocess IsolationProceedings of the 2023 New Security Paradigms Workshop10.1145/3633500.3633507(92-101)Online publication date: 18-Sep-2023
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Castes CGhosn AKalani NQian YKogias MPayer MBugnion EBaumann ACrooks NSchwarzkopf M(2023)Creating Trust by Abolishing HierarchiesProceedings of the 19th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems10.1145/3593856.3595900(231-238)Online publication date: 22-Jun-2023
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