skip to main content
10.1145/2811587.2811605acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmswimConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

COExiST: Revisiting Transmission Count for Cognitive Radio Networks

Published: 02 November 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Transmission count, the number of transmissions required for delivering a data packet over a link, is part of almost all state-of-the-art routing metrics for wireless networks. In traditional networks, peer-to-peer interference and channel errors are what define its value for the most part. In cognitive radio networks, however, there is a third culprit that can impact the transmission count: primary user interference. It may be tempting to think of primary user interference as no different than interference caused by other peers. However, unlike peers, primary users do not follow the same protocol and have strict channel access priority over the secondary users. Motivated by this observation, we carry out an empirical study on a USRP testbed for analyzing the impact of primary users. Our measurements show that a primary user has a distinct impact on the transmission count, which the de facto standard approach, ETX, designed for traditional networks, fails to capture. To resolve this, we present COExiST (for COgnitive radio EXpected transmISsion counT): a link metric that accurately captures the expected transmission count over a wireless link subject to primary user interference. Extensive experiments on a five-node USRP testbed demonstrate that COExiST accurately captures the actual transmission count in the presence of primary users -- the 80th percentile of the error is less than 20%.

References

[1]
Iperf-tool, http://dast.nlanr.net/projects/iperf/.
[2]
Maxima, a computer algebra system. v5.30.0, 2013.
[3]
Ettus Research, A National Instruments Company, http://www.ettus.com/, 2015.
[4]
P. Bahl, R. Chandra, T. Moscibroda, R. Murty, and M. Welsh. White space networking with wi-fi like connectivity. In ACM SIGCOMM, pages 27--38, 2009.
[5]
M. Caleffi, I. F. Akyildiz, and L. Paura. OPERA: Optimal Routing Metric for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(8):2884--2894, 2012.
[6]
K. R. Chowdhury and I. Akyildiz. CRP: A Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 29(4):794--804, april 2011.
[7]
K. R. Chowdhury and M. D. Felice. Search: A routing protocol for mobile cognitive radio ad-hoc networks. Computer Communications, 32(18):1983--1997, 2009.
[8]
D. S. J. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. C. Bicket, and R. Morris. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In ACM MOBICOM, pages 134--146, 2003.
[9]
L. Ding, T. Melodia, S. N. Batalama, and M. J. Medley. Rosa: distributed joint routing and dynamic spectrum allocation in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In ACM MSWiM, pages 13--20, 2009.
[10]
R. Draves, J. Padhye, and B. Zill. Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In ACM MOBICOM, pages 114--128, 2004.
[11]
H. Dubois-Ferrière, M. Grossglauser, and M. Vetterli. Valuable detours: Least-cost anypath routing. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 19(2):333--346, April 2011.
[12]
O. Gnawali, R. Fonseca, K. Jamieson, D. Moss, and P. Levis. Collection tree protocol. In ACM SenSys, pages 1--14, 2009.
[13]
C. Jiang, Y. Chen, K. J. R. Liu, and Y. Ren. Renewal-theoretical dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio network with unknown primary behavior. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(3):406--416, 2013.
[14]
S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Médard, and J. Crowcroft. Xors in the air: practical wireless network coding. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 16(3):497--510, 2008.
[15]
H. Kim and K. G. Shin. Efficient Discovery of Spectrum Opportunities with MAC-Layer Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 7(5):533--545, May 2008.
[16]
R. P. Laufer, H. Dubois-Ferrière, and L. Kleinrock. Polynomial-time algorithms for multirate anypath routing in wireless multihop networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 20(3):742--755, 2012.
[17]
M. López-Benítez and F. Casadevall. Time-Dimension Models of Spectrum Usage for the Analysis, Design, and Simulation of Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 62(5):2091--2104, 2013.
[18]
S. Moeller, A. Sridharan, B. Krishnamachari, and O. Gnawali. Routing without routes: the backpressure collection protocol. In ACM/IEEE IPSN, pages 279--290, 2010.
[19]
I. Pefkianakis, S. H. Y. Wong, and S. Lu. SAMER: Spectrum Aware Mesh Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE DySPAN, pages 1--5, 2008.
[20]
A. Sampath, L. Yang, L. Cao, H. Zheng, and B. Y. Zhao. High Throughput Spectrum-aware Routing for Cognitive Radio Networks. In CROWNCOM, 2007.
[21]
P. D. Sutton, J. Lotze, H. Lahlou, S. A. Fahmy, K. E. Nolan, B. Özgül, T. W. Rondeau, J. Noguera, and L. Doyle. Iris: an architecture for cognitive radio networking testbeds. IEEE Communications Magazine, 48(9):114--122, 2010.
[22]
Y. Yang and J. Wang. Design Guidelines for Routing Metrics in Multihop Wireless Networks. In IEEE INFOCOM, pages 1615--1623, 2008.
[23]
G.-M. Zhu, I. F. Akyildiz, and G.-S. Kuo. STOD-RP: A Spectrum-Tree Based On-Demand Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks. In IEEE GLOBECOM, pages 3086--3090, 2008.

Cited By

View all
  • (2017)Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc NetworksInternational Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking10.4018/IJITN.20170701049:3(45-60)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
MSWiM '15: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems
November 2015
358 pages
ISBN:9781450337625
DOI:10.1145/2811587
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 November 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. cognitive radio networks
  2. link quality
  3. routing
  4. transmission count
  5. usrp

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

MSWiM'15
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

MSWiM '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 34 of 142 submissions, 24%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 398 of 1,577 submissions, 25%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 16 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2017)Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc NetworksInternational Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking10.4018/IJITN.20170701049:3(45-60)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media