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SSD Failures in Datacenters: What, When and Why?

Published: 14 June 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Despite the growing popularity of Solid State Disks (SSDs) in the datacenter, little is known about their reliability characteristics in the field. The little knowledge is mainly vendor supplied, which cannot really help understand how SSD failures can manifest and impact production systems, in order to take appropriate actions. Besides failure data, a detailed characterization requires wide spectrum of data about factors influencing SSD failures, right from provisioning (what models' where and when deployed' etc.) to the operational ones (workloads, read-write intensities, write amplification, etc.). We analyze over half a million SSDs that span multiple generations spread across several datacenters which host a wide range of workloads over nearly 3 years. By studying the diverse set of factors on SSD failures, and their symptoms, our work provides the first look at the what, when and why characteristics of SSD failures in production datacenters.

References

[1]
D. G. Andersen and S. Swanson. Rethinking Flash in the Data Center. IEEE Micro, 2010.
[2]
L. M. Grupp, A. M. Caulfield, J. Coburn, S. Swanson, E. Yaakobi, P. H. Siegel, and J. K. Wolf. Characterizing Flash Memory: Anomalies, Observations, and Applications. In MICRO, 2009.
[3]
J. Meza, Q. Wu, S. Kumar, and O. Mutlu. A Large-Scale Study of Flash Memory Failures in the Field. In ACM SIGMETRICS, 2015.
[4]
B. Schroeder, R. Lagisetty, and A. Merchant. Flash reliability in production: The expected and the unexpected. In USENIX FAST, 2016.

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  • (2023)uBFT: Microsecond-Scale BFT using Disaggregated MemoryProceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3575693.3575732(862-877)Online publication date: 27-Jan-2023
  • (2017)LightNVMProceedings of the 15th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/3129633.3129666(359-373)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2017
  • (2017)A Highly Reliable Storage Systems Based on SSD Array for IoE EnvironmentInternational Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing10.4018/IJGHPC.20171001019:4(1-15)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017
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  1. SSD Failures in Datacenters: What, When and Why?

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    SIGMETRICS '16: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Science
    June 2016
    434 pages
    ISBN:9781450342667
    DOI:10.1145/2896377
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 14 June 2016

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    Author Tags

    1. datacenters
    2. reliability
    3. solid state drives

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    • Poster

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    • National Science Foundation

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    SIGMETRICS '16
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    SIGMETRICS '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 28 of 208 submissions, 13%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 459 of 2,691 submissions, 17%

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    View all
    • (2023)uBFT: Microsecond-Scale BFT using Disaggregated MemoryProceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3575693.3575732(862-877)Online publication date: 27-Jan-2023
    • (2017)LightNVMProceedings of the 15th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/3129633.3129666(359-373)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2017
    • (2017)A Highly Reliable Storage Systems Based on SSD Array for IoE EnvironmentInternational Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing10.4018/IJGHPC.20171001019:4(1-15)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017
    • (2017)The Reach Profiler (REAPER)ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News10.1145/3140659.308024245:2(255-268)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2017
    • (2017)The Reach Profiler (REAPER)Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture10.1145/3079856.3080242(255-268)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2017
    • (2017)Proactive retention aware cachingIEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM.2017.8057029(1-9)Online publication date: May-2017
    • (2016)A Highly Reliable Storage Based on SSD Array for Cloud Computing Environment2016 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT)10.1109/CIT.2016.54(538-544)Online publication date: Dec-2016
    • (2024)SSD Failures in Large-Scale Data Centers: What? Why? and How?2024 International Conference on Networking, Architecture and Storage (NAS)10.1109/NAS63802.2024.10781343(1-8)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2024
    • (2022)A survey on AI for storageCCF Transactions on High Performance Computing10.1007/s42514-022-00101-34:3(233-264)Online publication date: 23-May-2022
    • (2020)Smart Server Crash Prediction in Cloud Service Data Center2020 19th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)10.1109/ITherm45881.2020.9190321(1350-1355)Online publication date: Jul-2020
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