skip to main content
10.1145/2959100.2959167acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesrecsysConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Parallel Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Feature-rich Session-based Recommendations

Published: 07 September 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Real-life recommender systems often face the daunting task of providing recommendations based only on the clicks of a user session. Methods that rely on user profiles -- such as matrix factorization -- perform very poorly in this setting, thus item-to-item recommendations are used most of the time. However the items typically have rich feature representations such as pictures and text descriptions that can be used to model the sessions. Here we investigate how these features can be exploited in Recurrent Neural Network based session models using deep learning. We show that obvious approaches do not leverage these data sources. We thus introduce a number of parallel RNN (p-RNN) architectures to model sessions based on the clicks and the features (images and text) of the clicked items. We also propose alternative training strategies for p-RNNs that suit them better than standard training. We show that p-RNN architectures with proper training have significant performance improvements over feature-less session models while all session-based models outperform the item-to-item type baseline.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (p241.mp4)

References

[1]
A. Bellogin, P. Castells, and I. Cantador. Precision-oriented evaluation of recommender systems: An algorithmic comparison. In RecSys'11: 5th ACM Conf. on Recommender Systems, pages 333--336, 2011.
[2]
K. Cho, B. van Merriënboer, D. Bahdanau, and Y. Bengio. On the properties of neural machine translation: Encoder--decoder approaches. In SSST-8: 8th Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation, pages 103--111, 2014.
[3]
J. Donahue, Y. Jia, O. Vinyals, J. Hoffman, N. Zhang, E. Tzeng, and T. Darrell. DeCAF: A deep convolutional activation feature for generic visual recognition. In ICML'14: 31st Int. Conf. on Machine Learning, pages 647--655, 2014.
[4]
A. M. Elkahky, Y. Song, and X. He. A multi-view deep learning approach for cross domain user modeling in recommendation systems. In WWW'15: 24th Int. Conf. on World Wide Web, pages 278--288, 2015.
[5]
K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, and J. Sun. Deep residual learning for image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.03385, 2015.
[6]
R. He and J. McAuley. VBPR: Visual Bayesian Personalized Ranking from implicit feedback. CoRR, 1510.01784, 2015.
[7]
B. Hidasi, A. Karatzoglou, L. Baltrunas, and D. Tikk. Session-based recommendations with recurrent neural networks. International Conference on Learning Representations, 2016.
[8]
B. Hidasi and D. Tikk. Fast ALS-based tensor factorization for context-aware recommendation from implicit feedback. In ECML-PKDD'12, Part II, number 7524 in LNCS, pages 67--82. Springer, 2012.
[9]
B. Hidasi and D. Tikk. General factorization framework for context-aware recommendations. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 30(2):342--371, 2015.
[10]
G. Hinton, L. Deng, D. Yu, G. E. Dahl, A.-R. Mohamed, N. Jaitly, A. Senior, V. Vanhoucke, P. Nguyen, T. N. Sainath, et al. Deep neural networks for acoustic modeling in speech recognition: The shared views of four research groups. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 29(6):82--97, 2012.
[11]
S. Hochreiter and J. Schmidhuber. Long short-term memory. Neural computation, 9(8):1735--1780, 1997.
[12]
Y. Jia, E. Shelhamer, J. Donahue, S. Karayev, J. Long, R. Girshick, S. Guadarrama, and T. Darrell. Caffe: Convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. In MM'14: 22nd ACM Int. Conf. on Multimedia, pages 675--678, 2014.
[13]
A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and G. E. Hinton. ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In NISP'12: 26th Annual Conf. on Neural Information Processing Systems 2012, pages 1106--1114, 2012.
[14]
G. Linden, B. Smith, and J. York. Amazon.com recommendations: Item-to-item collaborative filtering. Internet Computing, IEEE, 7(1):76--80, 2003.
[15]
Z. C. Lipton, J. Berkowitz, and C. Elkan. A critical review of recurrent neural networks for sequence learning. CoRR, 1506.00019, 2015.
[16]
J. McAuley, C. Targett, Q. Shi, and A. van den Hengel. Image-based recommendations on styles and substitutes. In SIGIR'15: 38th Int. ACM SIGIR Conf. on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pages 43--52, 2015.
[17]
T. Mikolov, M. Karafiát, L. Burget, J.vCernocký, and S. Khudanpur. Recurrent neural network based language model. In INTERSPEECH'10: 11th Ann. Conf. of the Int. Speech Communication Association, pages 1045--1048, 2010.
[18]
T. Mikolov, I. Sutskever, K. Chen, G. Corrado, and J. Dean. Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. CoRR, 1310.4546, 2013.
[19]
O. Russakovsky, J. Deng, H. Su, J. Krause, S. Satheesh, S. Ma, Z. Huang, A. Karpathy, A. Khosla, M. Bernstein, A. C. Berg, and L. Fei-Fei. ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int. Journal of Computer Vision, 115(3):211--252, 2015.
[20]
O. Russakovsky, J. Deng, H. Su, J. Krause, S. Satheesh, S. Ma, Z. Huang, A. Karpathy, A. Khosla, M. S. Bernstein, A. C. Berg, and F. Li. ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. CoRR, 1409.0575, 2014.
[21]
H. Sak, O. Vinyals, G. Heigold, A. Senior, E. McDermott, R. Monga, and M. Mao. Sequence discriminative distributed training of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks. Entropy, 15(16):17--18, 2014.
[22]
R. Salakhutdinov, A. Mnih, and G. Hinton. Restricted boltzmann machines for collaborative filtering. In ICML'07: 24th Int. Conf. on Machine Learning, pages 791--798, 2007.
[23]
G. Salton and C. Buckley. Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Inf. Process. Manage., 24(5):513--523, Aug. 1988.
[24]
B. Sarwar, G. Karypis, J. Konstan, and J. Riedl. Item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms. In WWW:01: 10th Int. Conf. on World Wide Web, pages 285--295, 2001.
[25]
G. Shani, R. I. Brafman, and D. Heckerman. An MDP-based recommender system. In UAI'02: 18th Conf. on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pages 453--460, 2002.
[26]
A. Sharif Razavian, H. Azizpour, J. Sullivan, and S. Carlsson. CNN features off-the-shelf: An astounding baseline for recognition. In CVPR'14: IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, June 2014.
[27]
C. Szegedy, W. Liu, Y. Jia, P. Sermanet, S. E. Reed, D. Anguelov, D. Erhan, V. Vanhoucke, and A. Rabinovich. Going deeper with convolutions. CoRR, 1409.4842, 2014.
[28]
A. Van den Oord, S. Dieleman, and B. Schrauwen. Deep content-based music recommendation. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pages 2643--2651, 2013.
[29]
H. Wang, N. Wang, and D.-Y. Yeung. Collaborative deep learning for recommender systems. In KDD'15: 21th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 1235--1244, 2015.
[30]
Y. Wu, C. DuBois, A. X. Zheng, and M. Ester. Collaborative denoising auto-encoders for top-N recommender systems. In WSDM'16: 9th ACM Int. Conf. on Web Search and Data Mining, pages 153--162, 2016.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
RecSys '16: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
September 2016
490 pages
ISBN:9781450340359
DOI:10.1145/2959100
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 September 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. deep learning
  2. gated recurrent units
  3. recommender systems
  4. recurrent neural networks
  5. training strategies

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

  • EU FP7

Conference

RecSys '16
Sponsor:
RecSys '16: Tenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
September 15 - 19, 2016
Massachusetts, Boston, USA

Acceptance Rates

RecSys '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 29 of 159 submissions, 18%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 254 of 1,295 submissions, 20%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)201
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)16
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)Improved session recommendation using contrastive learning based tail adjusted repeat aware graph neural networkComputer Science and Information Systems10.2298/CSIS231101013L22:1(345-368)Online publication date: 2025
  • (2025)A Novel session-based recommendation system using capsule graph neural networkNeural Networks10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107176185(107176)Online publication date: May-2025
  • (2025)ConvSeq-MFNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2024.128932618:COnline publication date: 14-Feb-2025
  • (2025)Disentangled Sparse Graph Attention Networks with Multi-Intent Fusion for Session-based RecommendationKnowledge-Based Systems10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113082311(113082)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2025)Empowering Sequential Recommendation from Collaborative Signals and Semantic RelatednessDatabase Systems for Advanced Applications10.1007/978-981-97-5555-4_13(196-211)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2025
  • (2025)A Review on Deep Learning for Sequential Recommender Systems: Key Technologies and DirectionsBig Data10.1007/978-981-96-1024-2_22(305-318)Online publication date: 24-Jan-2025
  • (2024)Recommendation Systems and Content PersonalizationAI for Large Scale Communication Networks10.4018/979-8-3693-6552-6.ch015(323-348)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2024
  • (2024)GAT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with a Gated Recurrent Unit and TransformersMathematics10.3390/math1214218912:14(2189)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Optimizing Session-Aware Recommenders: A Deep Dive into GRU-Based Latent Interaction IntegrationFuture Internet10.3390/fi1602005116:2(51)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
  • (2024)A Job Recommendation Model Based on a Two-Layer Attention MechanismElectronics10.3390/electronics1303048513:3(485)Online publication date: 24-Jan-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media