skip to main content
10.1145/2992154.2992184acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesissConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

In-Place-Ink: Toward More Direct Handwriting Interfaces

Published: 06 November 2016 Publication History

Abstract

An indirect handwriting interface using a separate window is a de facto standard interface in most of major pen computing systems. In this paper, we study the potential of the other less explored handwriting interfaces, which we call In-Place-Ink (IPI) interfaces, where a user writes directly on a target text input area. We first conducted a preliminary experiment to determine the optimal input area dimensions for direct handwriting input, and based on the results designed two IPI interfaces: a discrete IPI (DIPI) interface and a continuous IPI (CIPI) interface. We then conducted a main experiment using form-filling tasks to evaluate their efficiencies and collect user feedback about them in comparison with a conventional indirect writing (IW) interface. The experiment results showed that CIPI required significantly lower completion time for a form-filling task than other interfaces, and was comparable to the IW interface in terms of user preference. We hope our report of designing and evaluating the two IPI interfaces may stimulate future research efforts toward more direct handwriting interfaces.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (iss0213-file3.mp4)
Supplemental video

References

[1]
Bouteruche, F., Deconde, G., Anquetil, E., and Jamet, E. Design and evaluation of handwriting input interfaces for small-size mobile devices In Proc. of the Workshop on Improving and Assessing Pen-Based Input Techniques (2005), 49--56.
[2]
Chang, L., and MacKenzie, I. S. A comparison of two handwriting recognizers for pen-based computers. In Proc. of CASCR'94, IBM Press (1994), 9.
[3]
Frankish, C., Hull, R., and Morgan, P. Recognition accuracy and user acceptance of pen interfaces. In Proc. CHI'95, ACM Press. (1995), 503--510.
[4]
Gao, Q., Zhu, B., Rau, P.-L. P., Vyas, S., Chen, C., and Li, H. User experience with chinese handwriting input on touch-screen mobile phones. In Cross-Cultural Design. Methods, Practice, and Case Studies. Springer. (2013), 384--392.
[5]
Goldberg, D., and Richardson, C. Touch-typing with a stylus. In Proc. INTERACT'93 and CHI'93, ACM (1993), 80--87.
[6]
Goodisman, A. A Stylus-Based User Interface for Text: Entry and Editing. PhD thesis, MIT, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1991.
[7]
Huerst, W., Yang, J., and Waibel, A. Interactive error repair for an online handwriting interface. In Proc. CHI'98, ACM (1998), 353--354.
[8]
Kim, J., and Sin, B.-K. Online handwriting recognition. In Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition. Springer, 2014, 887--915.
[9]
Kristensson, P. O., and Denby, L. C. Text entry performance of state of the art unconstrained handwriting recognition: a longitudinal user study. In Proc. CHI'09, ACM (2009), 567--570.
[10]
LaLomia, M. User acceptance of handwritten recognition accuracy. In Proc. CHI'94, ACM (1994), 107--108.
[11]
MacKenzie, I. S., and Soukoreff, R. W. Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques. In Proc. the CHIEA'03, ACM (2003), 754--755.
[12]
Mankoff, J., Hudson, S. E., and Abowd, G. D. Interaction techniques for ambiguity resolution in recognition-based interfaces. In Proc. UIST'00, ACM (2000), 11--20.
[13]
Ren, X., and Zhou, X. The optimal size of handwriting character input boxes on pdas. Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 25, 8 (2009), 762--784.
[14]
Santos, P. J., Baltzer, A. J., Badre, A. N., Henneman, R. L., and Miller, M. S. On handwriting recognition system performance: Some experimental results. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 36, SAGE Publications (1992), 283--287.
[15]
Schomaker, L. From handwriting analysis to pen-computer applications. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal 10, 3 (1998), 93--102.
[16]
Shilman, M., Tan, D. S., and Simard, P. Cuetip: a mixed-initiative interface for correcting handwriting errors. In Proc. UIST'06, ACM (2006), 323--332.
[17]
Top Image Systems. Guidelines for census form design, 2008. {Online; accessed 22-September-2015}.
[18]
Wikipedia. Graffiti (palm os) (2015) {Online; accessed 22-September-2015}.
[19]
Wikipedia. Windows for pen computing (2015) {Online; accessed 22-September-2015}.
[20]
Wobbrock, J. O., Findlater, L., Gergle, D., and Higgins, J. J. The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures. In Proc. CHI'11, ACM (2011), 143--146.
[21]
Wobbrock, J. O., Myers, B. A., and Kembel, J. A. Edgewrite: a stylus-based text entry method designed for high accuracy and stability of motion. In Proc. UIST'03, ACM (2003), 61--70.

Cited By

View all
  • (2022)Towards More Direct Text Editing With Handwriting InterfacesInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2022.204189339:1(233-248)Online publication date: 18-Apr-2022
  • (2020)Evaluating new requirements to pen-centric intelligent user interface based on end-to-end mathematical expressions recognitionProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces10.1145/3377325.3377482(212-220)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2020
  • (2019)In-Place Ink Text EditorProceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces10.1145/3343055.3360744(327-329)Online publication date: 10-Nov-2019
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. In-Place-Ink: Toward More Direct Handwriting Interfaces

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    ISS '16: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces
    November 2016
    554 pages
    ISBN:9781450342483
    DOI:10.1145/2992154
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 06 November 2016

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. direct writing interfaces
    2. in-place-ink
    3. indirect writing interfaces
    4. pen computers

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    • Hancom Inc

    Conference

    ISS '16
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    ISS '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 33 of 119 submissions, 28%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 147 of 533 submissions, 28%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)7
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 28 Feb 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2022)Towards More Direct Text Editing With Handwriting InterfacesInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2022.204189339:1(233-248)Online publication date: 18-Apr-2022
    • (2020)Evaluating new requirements to pen-centric intelligent user interface based on end-to-end mathematical expressions recognitionProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces10.1145/3377325.3377482(212-220)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2020
    • (2019)In-Place Ink Text EditorProceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces10.1145/3343055.3360744(327-329)Online publication date: 10-Nov-2019
    • (2019)InteractivePaperAdjunct Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3332167.3357099(13-15)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2019
    • (2018)Replicating User-defined Gestures for Text EditingProceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces10.1145/3279778.3279793(97-106)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2018

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media