Florian Berg
ABSTRACT
Code offloading strives for increasing the energy efficiency and execution speed of mobile applications on resource-constrained mobile devices. First approaches considered only a code offloading between two (or three) tiers, executing code either locally on the mobile device or remotely on a powerful server in the vicinity or in a distant cloud. However, new execution environments comprise multiple tiers, containing highly distributed heterogeneous resources.
We present in this paper our Code Bubbling Offload System (CoBOS). CoBOS targets n-tier environments containing highly distributed heterogeneous resources with different performance characteristics and cost implications. In such n-tier environments, it is very costly for a resource-constrained mobile device to gather a global view on available resources. As a result, we propose the novel concept of code bubbling. Code bubbling moves code dynamically and adaptively towards more powerful and more distant tiers, enabling an efficient and scalable code offloading in n-tier environments. Each tier makes autonomous decisions to execute code in the tier or forward it further to the next tier. To support such a recursive escalation of code along autonomous tiers, CoBOS offloads self-contained offload requests that possess all of the required information for the processing. Our real-world evaluation shows that CoBOS decreases the energy consumption by 77% and the execution time by 83% for code offloading in n-tier environments.
- F. Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, and S. Addepalli. Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things. In Proc. 1st MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, MCC'12, pages 13--16, August 2012. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Z. Cheng, P. Li, J. Wang, and S. Guo. Just-in-Time Code Offloading for Wearable Computing. Emerging Topics in Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 3(1):74--83, March 2015.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B.-G. Chun, S. Ihm, P. Maniatis, M. Naik, and A. Patti. CloneCloud: Elastic Execution between Mobile Device and Cloud. In Proc. 6th Conf. Computer Systems, EuroSys'11, pages 301--314, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Cuervo, A. Balasubramanian, D. Cho, A. Wolman, S. Saroiu, R. Chandra, and P. Bahl. MAUI: Making Smartphones Last Longer with Code Offload. In Proc. 8th Intl. Conf. Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys'10, pages 49--62, March 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Flinn, P. SoYoung, and M. Satyanarayanan. Balancing Performance, Energy, and Quality in Pervasive Computing. In Proc. 22nd Intl. Conf. Distributed Computing Systems, pages 217--226, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Giurgiu, O. Riva, and G. Alonso. Dynamic Software Deployment from Clouds to Mobile Devices. In Proc. 13th Intl. Middleware Conference, pages 394--414, December 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Kosta, A. Aucinas, P. Hui, R. Mortier, and X. Zhang. ThinkAir: Dynamic Resource Allocation and Parallel Execution in the Cloud for Mobile Code Offloading. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, INFOCOM'12, pages 945--953, March 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. D. Kristensen. Scavenger: Transparent Development of Efficient Cyber Foraging Applications. In Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom'10, pages 217--226, 2010.Google Scholar
- A. Matsunaga and J. Fortes. On the Use of Machine Learning to Predict the Time and Resources Consumed by Applications. In Proc. 10th Intl. Conf. Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, CCGrid'10, pages 495--504, May 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Satyanarayanan, P. Bahl, R. Cáceres, and N. Davies. The Case for VM-Based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing. Pervasive Computing, IEEE, 8(4):14--23, October 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Sekar. Power and Thermal Challenges in Mobile Devices. In Proc. 19th Intl. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiCom'13, pages 363--368, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Shi, K. Habak, P. Pandurangan, M. Ammar, M. Naik, and E. Zegura. COSMOS: Computation Offloading As a Service for Mobile Devices. In Proc. 15th ACM Intl. Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc'14, pages 287--296, August 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Verbelen, P. Simoens, F. D. Turck, and B. Dhoedt. Cloudlets: Bringing the Cloud to the Mobile User. In Proc. 3rd ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services, MCS'12, pages 29--36, June 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
Recommendations
Increasing the Efficiency of Code Offloading in n-tier Environments with Code Bubbling
Code offloading strives for increasing the energy efficiency and execution speed of mobile applications on resource-constrained mobile devices. First approaches only considered a code offloading between two (or three) tiers, executing code either ...
Adaptive code offloading for mobile cloud applications: exploiting fuzzy sets and evidence-based learning
MCS '13: Proceeding of the fourth ACM workshop on Mobile cloud computing and servicesMobile cloud computing is arising as a prominent domain that is seeking to bring the massive advantages of the cloud to the resource constrained smartphones, by following a delegation or offloading criteria. In a delegation model, a mobile device ...
Adaptive code offloading for mobile cloud applications: exploiting fuzzy sets and evidence-based learning
MCS '13: Proceeding of the fourth ACM workshop on Mobile cloud computing and servicesMobile cloud computing is arising as a prominent domain that is seeking to bring the massive advantages of the cloud to the resource constrained smartphones, by following a delegation or offloading criteria. In a delegation model, a mobile device ...
Comments