Anke van Oosterhout
ABSTRACT
Although interfaces can adapt to users' behavior only little empirical evidence has been reported about their capability to influence people's emotions. The goal of this study is to explore the influence of haptic force feedback on the emotional experience in a linear sliding movement. We varied force feedback behaviors designed for a motorized slider in a controlled experiment. The slider presented three behaviors, named as counteractive, assistive, and no behavior while participants were exposed to affective imagery varying in valence. The results showed that under different emotions (positive, negative, neutral), people experience small differences in dominance and valence between the force feedback behaviors. A counteractive force feedback seems to increase the feeling of control regarding unpleasant stimuli, while providing an assistive force feedback reduced the level of dominance in case of pleasant stimuli. Our study contributes new understanding of how adaptive feedback influence user's emotions to support design in this field.
- Desmet. P. 2012. Faces of Product Pleasure: 25 Positive Emotions in Human-Product Interactions. In International Journal of Design 6,2: 1--29.Google Scholar
- Jordan, P.. 2002. Designing pleasurable products: An introduction to the new human factors. CRC press.Google Scholar
- Thüring, M., Mahlke., S.. 2007. Usability, aesthetics and emotions in human-technology interaction. International Journal of Psychology 42,4:253--264. http://doi.acm.org/10.1080/00207590701396674 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fredrickson, B. L. Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47(2013), 1--53. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fredrickson, B. L. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lind. 359(2004), 1376--1377 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Oatley, K., & Jenkins, J. M. Understanding Emotions. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. 2003.Google Scholar
- Izard, C.E. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review, 2(4), 363--370. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bradley, M.M., & Lang, P.J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49--59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bradley, M.M., & Lang, P.J. (2000). Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37, 204--215. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mauss, I.B., & Robinson, M.D. (2009). Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(2), 209--237. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wallbott, H.G. (1998). Bodily expression of emotion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28(6), 879--896. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pollick, F.E., Paterswon, H.M., Bruderlin, A., Sanford, A.J.: Perceiving affect from arm movement. Journal of Cognition 82, 51--61 (2001) Google ScholarCross Ref
- MacLean, K. E. (2008). Haptic interaction design for everyday interfaces. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4(1), 149--194. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tan, H. Z., Srinivasan, M. A., Eberman, B., & Cheng, B. (1994). Human factors for the design of force-reflecting haptic interfaces. Dynamic Systems and Control, 55(1), 353--359.Google Scholar
- Salminen, K., Surakka, V., Lylykangas, J., Raisamo, J., Saarinen, R., Raisamo, R., Rantala, J., Evreinov. G. 2008. Emotional and behavioral responses to haptic stimulation. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '08), 1555--1562. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357298Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gatti, E., Caruso, G., Bordegoni, M., and Spence, C. 2013. Can the feel of the haptic interaction modify a user's emotional state? In IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC'13), 247--252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WHC.2013.6548416 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alonso, M. B. Hummels, C., Keyson, D., Hekkert. P. 2013. Measuring and adapting behavior during product interaction to influence affect. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17,1: 81--91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-011-0472-3 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alonso, M. B., Keyson, D. V., Jabon, M. E., Hummels, C. C., Hekkert, P. P., & Bailenson, J. N. (2013). Post-error expression of speed and force while performing a simple, monotonous task with a haptic pen. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(8), 778--782. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhu, J. and Thagard, P.. 2002. Emotion and action. In Philosophical Psychology, 15,1: 19--36. http://doi.acm.org/10.1080/09515080120109397 Google Scholar
- Chen, M., Bargh, J.. 1999. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. In Personality and social psychology bulletin, 25.2: 215--224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025002007 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Coombes, S., Cauraugh, J., Janelle, C.. 2007. Dissociating motivational direction and affective valence: specific emotions alter central motor processes. In Psychological Science 18,11:938--942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02005.x Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dan-Glauser, E., Scherer, K. 2011. The Geneva affective picture database (GAPED): a new 730-picture database focusing on valence and normative significance. In Behavior Research Methods 43,2:468--477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0064-1 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jumisko-Pyykkö S, Häkkinen J, Nyman G (2007) Experienced quality factors---qualitative evaluation approach to audiovisual quality. Proc SPIE Multimedia on Mobile Devices 2007:6507(65070 M)Google ScholarCross Ref
- ALPS. Motor-driven Master Type Slide Potentiometer RSA0N11M9A0K. Technical Specifications. 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2015 from http://www.alps.com/prod/info/E/HTML/Potentiometer/SlidePotentiometers/RSN1M/RSA0N11M9A0K.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Shahrokni, A., Jenaro, J., Gustafsson, T., Vinnberg, A., Sandsjö, J., Fjeld, M. 2006. One-dimensional force feedback slider: going from an analogue to a digital platform. In Proc of the 4th NordiCHI '06, 453--456. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1182475.1182535 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Coombes, S., Cauraugh, J., Janelle, C. 2005. Emotion and movement: activations of the defensive circuitry alters the magnitude of a sustained muscle contraction. In Neuroscience Letters, 396,3:192--196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.048 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Coolican H (2004) Research methods and statistics in psychology, 4th edn. Arrowsmith, LondonStrauss A, Corbin J (1998) Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand OaksGoogle Scholar
- Bradley, M., Lang, P.. 1994. Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. In Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 25,1: 49--59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bakhtiyari, K., Husain, H. 2014. Fuzzy model of dominance emotions in affective computing. In Neural Computing and Applications 25, 6:1467--1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1637-6 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Höök, K. 2009. Affective loop experiences: designing for interactional embodiment. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364,1535: 3585--3595. http://doi.acm.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0202 Google ScholarCross Ref
- Russell, James A., and Albert Mehrabian. "Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions." Journal of research in Personality 11.3 (1977): 273--294. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ahmed, I., Harjunen, V., Jacucci, G., Hoggan, E., Ravaja, N., Spape, M.M. Reach out and touch me: Effects of four distinct haptic technologies on affective touch in virtual reality, in press ICMI 2016.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Counteract or assist?: influence of dynamic force-feedback on emotions
Recommendations
Squeeze, rock, and roll; can tangible interaction with affective products support stress reduction?
TEI '08: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interactionAffective computing focuses on the interpretation of users emotions via physiological and behavioral inputs. Irrelevant gestures with a pen were found to increase when users were given a mentally demanding task. Accordingly, an embedded tangible ...
Real time labeling of affect in music using the affectbutton
AFFINE '10: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environmentsValid, reliable and quick measurement of emotion and affect is an important challenge for the use of emotion and affect in human-technology interaction. Emotion and affect can be measured in two different ways: explicit, the user is asked for feedback, ...
A Multimodal Measurement Method of Users' Emotional Experiences Shopping Online
Emotions play an important role in the design of e-commerce websites. A website should satisfy its users' emotional needs. Emotion measurement is a prerequisite to understanding users' emotional needs; because emotions contain complicated components, ...
Comments