skip to main content
10.1145/3109859.3109873acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesrecsysConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

Understanding How People Use Natural Language to Ask for Recommendations

Published:27 August 2017Publication History

ABSTRACT

The technical barriers for conversing with recommender systems using natural language are vanishing. Already, there are commercial systems that facilitate interactions with an AI agent. For instance, it is possible to say "what should I watch" to an Apple TV remote to get recommendations. In this research, we investigate how users initially interact with a new natural language recommender to deepen our understanding of the range of inputs that these technologies can expect. We deploy a natural language interface to a recommender system, we observe users' first interactions and follow-up queries, and we measure the differences between speaking- and typing-based interfaces. We employ qualitative methods to derive a categorization of users' first queries (objective, subjective, and navigation) and follow-up queries (refine, reformulate, start over). We employ quantitative methods to determine the differences between speech and text, finding that speech inputs are typically longer and more conversational.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

References

  1. Andreas Bohm. 2004. TheoreticaI Coding: Text AnaIysis in Grounded Theory. In A companion to qualitative research. 270.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Andrei Broder. 2002. A Taxonomy of Web Search. SIGIR Forum 36, 2 (Sept. 2002), 3--10. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Barbara L. Chalfonte, Robert S. Fish, and Robert E. Kraut. 1991. Expressive Richness: A Comparison of Speech and Text As Media for Revision. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '91). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 21--26. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Ed H. Chi, Peter Pirolli, Kim Chen, and James Pitkow. 2001. Using Information Scent to Model User Information Needs and Actions and the Web. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '01). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 490--497. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Lucas Colucci, Prachi Doshi, Kun-Lin Lee, Jiajie Liang, Yin Lin, Ishan Vashishtha, Jia Zhang, and Alvin Jude. 2016. Evaluating Item-Item Similarity Algorithms for Movies. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2141--2147. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Fabio Crestani and Heather Du. 2006. Written Versus Spoken Queries: A Qualitative and Quantitative Comparative Analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 57, 7 (May 2006), 881--890. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Jane Dye, Irene Schatz, Brian Rosenberg, and Susanne Coleman. 2000. Constant Comparison Method: A Kaleidoscope of Data. The Qualitative Report 4, 1 (Jan. 2000), 1--10.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Mehmet H. Göker and Cynthia A. Thompson. 2000. Personalized Conversational Case-Based Recommendation. In Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Enrico Blanzieri and Luigi Portinale (Eds.). Number 1898 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 99--111. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Ido Guy. 2016. Searching by Talking: Analysis of Voice Queries on Mobile Web Search. In Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 35--44. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Jonathan L. Herlocker, Joseph A. Konstan, Loren G. Terveen, and John T. Riedl. 2004. Evaluating Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22, 1 (Jan. 2004), 5--53. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Bernard J. Jansen, Danielle L. Booth, and Amanda Spink. 2008. Determining the informational, navigational, and transactional intent of Web queries. Information Processing & Management 44, 3 (May 2008), 1251--1266. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Jiepu Jiang, Wei Jeng, and Daqing He. 2013. How Do Users Respond to Voice Input Errors? Lexical and Phonetic Query Reformulation in Voice Search. In Proceedings of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 143--152. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Maryam Kamvar and Shumeet Baluja. 2006. A Large Scale Study of Wireless Search Behavior: Google Mobile Search. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '06). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 701--709. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Jie Kang, Kyle Condiff, Shuo Chang, Joseph A. Konstan, Loren Terveen, and F. Maxwell Harper. 2017. Understanding How People Use Natural Language to Ask for Recommendations: Query Dataset. (June 2017). http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/188687 type: dataset. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Lorraine McGinty and James Reilly. 2011. On the Evolution of Critiquing Recommenders. In Recommender Systems Handbook, Francesco Ricci, Lior Rokach, Bracha Shapira, and Paul B. Kantor (Eds.). Springer US, 419--453.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Sean M. McNee, John Riedl, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2006. Making Recommendations Better: An Analytic Model for Human-recommender Interaction. In CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '06). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1103--1108. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg S. Corrado, and Jeff Dean. 2013. Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26, C. J. C. Burges, L. Bottou, M. Welling, Z. Ghahramani, and K. Q. Weinberger (Eds.). Curran Associates, Inc., 3111--3119. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Hendrik Müller, Aaron Sedley, and Elizabeth Ferrall-Nunge. 2014. Survey Research in HCI. In Ways of Knowing in HCI, Judith S. Olson and Wendy A. Kellogg (Eds.). Springer New York, 229--266.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Peter Pirolli and Stuart Card. 1999. Information foraging. Psychological Review 106, 4 (1999), 643--675.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Pearl Pu, Li Chen, and Rong Hu. 2011. A User-centric Evaluation Framework for Recommender Systems. In Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 157--164. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Francesco Ricci, Lior Rokach, and Bracha Shapira. 2011. Introduction to Recommender Systems Handbook. In Recommender Systems Handbook, Francesco Ricci, Lior Rokach, Bracha Shapira, and Paul B. Kantor (Eds.). Springer US, 1--35.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Daniel E. Rose and Danny Levinson. 2004. Understanding User Goals in Web Search. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 13--19. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Sherry Ruan, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Kenny Liou, Andrew Ng, and James Landay. 2016. Speech Is 3x Faster than Typing for English and Mandarin Text Entry on Mobile Devices. arXiv:1608.07323 {cs.HC} (Aug. 2016).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Gery W. Ryan and H. Russell Bernard. 2003. Techniques to Identify Themes. Field Methods 15, 1 (Feb. 2003), 85--109.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  25. J. Ben Schafer, Dan Frankowski, Jon Herlocker, and Shilad Sen. 2007. Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems. In The Adaptive Web, Peter Brusilovsky, Alfred Kobsa, and Wolfgang Nejdl (Eds.). Number 4321 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 291--324.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. B. Smyth, L. McGinty, J. Reilly, and K. McCarthy. 2004. Compound Critiques for Conversational Recommender Systems. In IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, 2004. WI 2004. Proceedings. 145--151. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Jaime Teevan, Christine Alvarado, Mark S. Ackerman, and David R. Karger. 2004. The Perfect Search Engine is Not Enough: A Study of Orienteering Behavior in Directed Search. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 415--422. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Cynthia A. Thompson, Mehmet H. Göker, and Pat Langley. 2004. A Personalized System for Conversational Recommendations. J. Artif. Int. Res. 21, 1 (March 2004), 393--428. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Jesse Vig, Shilad Sen, and John Riedl. 2012. The Tag Genome: Encoding Community Knowledge to Support Novel Interaction. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. 2, 3 (Sept. 2012), 13:1--13:44. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Steve Whittaker, Julia Hirschberg, Brian Amento, Litza Stark, Michiel Bacchiani, Philip Isenhour, Larry Stead, Gary Zamchick, and Aaron Rosenberg. 2002. SCANMail: A Voicemail Interface That Makes Speech Browsable, Readable and Searchable. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '02). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 275--282. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Understanding How People Use Natural Language to Ask for Recommendations

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        RecSys '17: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
        August 2017
        466 pages
        ISBN:9781450346528
        DOI:10.1145/3109859

        Copyright © 2017 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 27 August 2017

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

        Acceptance Rates

        RecSys '17 Paper Acceptance Rate26of125submissions,21%Overall Acceptance Rate254of1,295submissions,20%

        Upcoming Conference

        RecSys '24
        18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
        October 14 - 18, 2024
        Bari , Italy

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader