Yoshimasa Ohmoto
ABSTRACT
To establish social relationships between a human and an artificial agent, the agent has to induce and maintain the intentional stance on its human partner. In this study, we focus on contingency, which is the behavior that occurs synchronously with the last action, and the icebreaker, which is a facilitation exercise that helps start an interaction. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an agent that implements contingent responses is capable of inducing and maintaining an intentional stance. We conducted an experiment using the contingent agent and a ``subgoal-oriented agent' as a control group. As a result, we conclude that the contingent responses are capable of maintaining the intentional stance during the main task from the behavior analysis. On the other hand, we suggested that only the participants who actively joined the icebreaker with the contingent agent be induced into taking an intentional stance. From these results, we conclude that the contingent responses could maintain the intentional stance but not induce it.
- John N Bassili. 1976. Temporal and spatial contingencies in the perception of social events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33, 6 (1976), 680.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Jean-Pierre Briot, Marta de Azevedo Irving, Gustavo Mendes de Melo, José Eurico Filho Vasconcelos, Isabelle Alvarez, Sophie Martin, and Wei Wei. 2011. A serious game and Artificial agents to support intercultural participatory management of protected areas for biodiversity conservation and social inclusion. In Culture and Computing (Culture Computing), 2011 Second International Conference on. IEEE, 15--20. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vivian Chu, Kalesha Bullard, and Andrea L Thomaz. 2014. Multimodal real-time contingency detection for HRI. In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2014), 2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on. IEEE, 3327--3332.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Daniel C Dennett. 1988. The intentional stance in theory and practice. (1988).Google Scholar
- Susan Doctoroff Landay. 2011. Not Another Icebreaker! eLearn 2011, 3 (2011), 4.Google Scholar
- Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, Jillian Gerten, Edward Fast, and Robin Duffy. 2007. Creating rapport with virtual agents. In International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Springer, 125--138. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fritz Heider and Marianne Simmel. 1944. An experimental study of apparent behavior. The American Journal of Psychology (1944), 243--259. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nobuhiko Kitawaki and Kenzo Itoh. 1991. Pure delay effects on speech quality in telecommunications. IEEE Journal on selected Areas in Communications 9, 4 (1991), 586--593. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hanju Lee, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, and Kazuo Hiraki. 2015. Building a responsive teacher:how temporal contingency of gaze interaction influences word learning with virtual tutors. Royal Society open science 2, 1 (2015), 140361.Google Scholar
- Sohye Lim and Byron Reeves. 2010. Computer agents versus avatars:Responses to interactive game characters controlled by a computer or other player. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 68, 1 (2010), 57--68. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Toyoaki Nishida, Atsushi Nakazawa, Yoshimasa Ohmoto, and Yasser Mohammad. 2014. Conversational Informatics:A Data-Intensive Approach with Emphasis on Nonverbal Communication. Springer. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yoshimasa Ohmoto, Jun Furutani, and Toyoaki Nishida. 2015. Induction of intentional stance in human-agent interaction by presenting agent behavior of goal-oriented process using multi-modal information. In COGNITIVE 2015:The Seventh International Conference on Advanced Cognitive Technologies and Applications. IARIA, 90--95.Google Scholar
- Yoshimasa Ohmoto, Takashi Suyama, and Toyoaki Nishida. 2016a. A Method to Alternate the Estimation of Global Purposes and Local Objectives to Induce and Maintain the Intentional Stance. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. ACM, 379--385. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yoshimasa Ohmoto, Suyama Takashi, and Toyoaki Nishida. 2016b. Effect on the Mental Stance of an Agent's Encouraging Behavior in a Virtual Exercise Game. In COGNITIVE 2016:The Eighth International Conference on Advanced Cognitive Technologies and Applications. IARIA, 10--15.Google Scholar
- Evie Powell, Rachel Brinkman, Tiffany Barnes, and Veronica Catete. 2012. Table tilt:making friends fast. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. ACM, 242--245.Google Scholar
- Maaike Roubroeks, Jaap Ham, and Cees Midden. 2011. When Artificial social agents try to persuade people:The role of social agency on the occurrence of psychological reactance. International Journal of Social Robotics 3, 2 (2011), 155--165. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ran Zhao, Tanmay Sinha, Alan W Black, and Justine Cassell. 2016. Socially-aware virtual agents:Automatically assessing dyadic rapport from temporal patterns of behavior. In International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Springer, 218--233. Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Effect of an Agent's Contingent Responses on Maintaining an Intentional Stance
Recommendations
Human vs Humanoid. A Behavioral Investigation of the Individual Tendency to Adopt the Intentional Stance
HRI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot InteractionHumans interpret and predict behavior of others with reference to mental states or, in other words, by adopting the intentional stance. The present study investigated to what extent individuals adopt the intentional stance towards two agents (a humanoid ...
Inducing and maintaining the intentional stance by showing interactions between multiple agents
IVA '18: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual AgentsIn human-computer interaction, it is first necessary for the human to recognize that there is a meaning beyond information provision while interacting with an agent. One of the critical barriers to social human-computer interaction is the mental state ...
A Pragmatic Approach to the Intentional Stance Semantic, Empirical and Ethical Considerations for the Design of Artificial Agents
AbstractArtificial agents are progressively becoming more present in everyday-life situations and more sophisticated in their interaction affordances. In some specific cases, like Google Duplex, GPT-3 bots or Deep Mind’s AlphaGo Zero, their capabilities ...
Comments