Lucas de Macêdo Terças
ABSTRACT
NCL (Nested Context Language) is a notation for hypermedia application authoring, designed to facilitate the modeling and authoring of Digital TV applications for authors with different levels of programming knowledge. However, the ease of use of NCL is questionable due to XML notation and has been the subject of study of several works that analyze its usability while proposing other solutions. This work presents sNCL (simpler NCL), a declarative domain specific language, projected using guidelines established by the CDN (Cognitive Dimensions of Notation) framework applied to NCL. To validate the proposal, an experiment with a questionnaire on the success factors in NCL and sNCL is applied to users with experience in authoring with NCL, comparing their opinions on both languages. The experiment demonstrates that sNCL gains in usability, which can improve, therefore, the performance of authors in the development of applications.
- ABNT. 2011. 15606--2, 2011. Digital Terrestrial Television-Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting-Part 2: Ginga-NCL for fixed and mobile receivers-XML application language for application coding. (2011).Google Scholar
- Roberto Gerson Albuquerque Azevedo, Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, Mario Meireles Teixeira, Rodrigo Costa Mesquita Santos, and Thiago Alencar Gomes. 2011. Textual Authoring of Interactive Digital TV Applications. In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video (EuroITV '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 235--244. https://doi.org/10.1145/2000119.2000169Google Scholar
- Diogo Henrique Duarte Bezerra, Denio Mariz Timóteo Sousa, Aquiles Medeiros Filgueira Burlamaqui, Igor Rosberg Medeiros Silva, et al. 2012. Luar: a language for agile development of NCL templates and documents. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the web. ACM, 395--402.Google Scholar
- Alan Blackwell, Carol Britton, A Cox, Thomas Green, Corin Gurr, Gada Kadoda, Maria Kutar, Martin Loomes, Chrystopher Nehaniv, Marian Petre, et al. 2001. Cognitive dimensions of notations: Design tools for cognitive technology. Cognitive technology: Instruments of mind (2001), 325--341.Google Scholar
- Marco A Casanova, Luiz Tucherman, Maria Julia D Lima, José L Rangel Netto, Noemi Rodriquez, and Luiz FG Soares. 1991. The nested context model for hyperdocuments. In Proceedings of the third annual ACM conference on Hypertext. ACM, 193--201. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Green and Alan Blackwell. 1998. Cognitive dimensions of information artefacts: a tutorial. In BCS HCI Conference, Vol. 98.Google Scholar
- Rodrigo Laiola Guimarães, Romualdo Monteiro de Resende Costa, and Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares. 2008. Composer: Authoring tool for iTV programs. In European Conference on Interactive Television. Springer, 61--71. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Felienne Hermans, Martin Pinzger, and Arie Van Deursen. 2009. Domain-specific languages in practice: A user study on the success factors. In International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. Springer, 423--437. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique De Figueiredo, and Waldemar Celes Filho. 1996. Lua-an extensible extension language. Softw., Pract. Exper. 26, 6 (1996), 635--652. Google ScholarDigital Library
- ITU-T. 2009. H. 761, Nested Context Language (NCL) and Ginga-NCL for IPTV Services, Geneva, Apr. 2009. (2009).Google Scholar
- Guilherme Augusto Ferreira Lima, Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares, Roberto Gerson de Albuquerque Azevedo, and Marcio Ferreira Moreno. 2013. Reducing the complexity of NCL player implementations. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the web. ACM, 297--304. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel de Sousa Moraes, André Luiz de B Damasceno, Antonio José G Busson, and Carlos de Salles Soares Neto. 2016. Lua2NCL: Framework for Textual Authoring of NCL Applications using Lua. In Proceedings of the 22nd Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web. ACM, 47--54.Google Scholar
- Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares, and Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza. 2012. TAL--Template Authoring Language. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society 18, 3 (2012), 185--199. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Francisco Sant'Anna, Renato Cerqueira, and Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares. 2008. NCLua: objetos imperativos lua na linguagem declarativa NCL. In Proceedings of the 14th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web. ACM, 83--90. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Esdras Caleb O Silva, Joel AF dos Santos, and Débora C Muchaluat-Saade. 2013. JNS: An alternative authoring language for specifying NCL multimedia documents. In Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW), 2013 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 1--6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares and Rogério Ferreira Rodrigues. 2006. Nested Context Language 3.0 Part 8--NCL Digital TV Profiles. Monografias em Ciência da Computação do Departamento de Informática da PUC-Rio 35 (2006), 06.Google Scholar
- Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares, Rogério Ferreira Rodrigues, and Márcio Ferreira Moreno. 2007. Ginga-NCL: the declarative environment of the Brazilian digital TV system. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society 12, 4 (2007), 37--46. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Arie Van Deursen and Paul Klint. 2002. Domain-specific language design requires feature descriptions. CIT. Journal of computing and information technology 10, 1 (2002), 1--17. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Arie Van Deursen, Paul Klint, and Joost Visser. 2000. Domain-Specific Languages: An Annotated Bibliography. Sigplan Notices 35, 6 (2000), 26--36. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Usability-based Language for Authoring NCL Documents
Recommendations
Designing and Evaluating Interactive Television from a Usability Perspective
ACHI '09: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conferences on Advances in Computer-Human InteractionsInteractive television (iTV) is the convergence of television with digital media technologies. iTV must be treated as a unique medium with its own set of constraints and opportunities. A set of principles to follow, when designing iTV applications, is ...
Adaptive layouts for authoring NCL programs
WebMedia '13: Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the webThis paper presents a layout module that incorporates the facility of specifying adaptive spatial layouts, providing automatic creation of regions and descriptors for NCL documents. Two types of adaptive spatial layouts are provided: flowLayout and ...
Ginga-NCL: declarative middleware for multimedia IPTV services
This article presents the innovative features of Ginga-NCL, an open middleware specification for multimedia IPTV services. Ginga-NCL relies on the Nested Context Language, a domain-specific declarative language targeting multimedia application ...
Comments