ABSTRACT
Quantum chromodynamics, most commonly referred to as QCD, is a relativistic quantum field theory for the strong interaction between subatomic particles called quarks and gluons. The most systematic way of calculating the strong interactions of QCD is a computational approach known as lattice gauge theory or lattice QCD. Space-time is discretised so that field variables are formulated on the sites and links of a four dimensional hypercubic lattice. This technique enables the gluon field to be represented using 3 x 3 complex matrices in four space-time dimensions. Importance sampling techniques can then be exploited to calculate physics observables as functions of the fields, averaged over a statistically-generated and suitably weighted ensemble of field configurations. In this paper we present a framework developed to visually assist scientists in the analysis of multidimensional properties and emerging phenomena within QCD ensemble simulations. Core to the framework is the use of topology-driven visualisation techniques which enable the user to segment the data into unique objects, calculate properties of individual objects present on the lattice, and validate features detected using statistical measures. The framework enables holistic analysis to validate existing hypothesis against novel visual cues with the intent of supporting and steering scientists in the analysis and decision making process. Use of the framework has lead to new studies into the effect that variation of thermodynamic control parameters has on the topological structure of lattice fields.
- James Ahrens, Beck Geveci, and Charles Law. 2005. ParaView: An End-User Tool for Large Data Visualization. In Visualization Handbook, Charles D. Hansen and Chris R. Johnson (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Chapter 36, 717--732.Google Scholar
- Naif Alharbi, Robert S Laramee, and Matthieu Chavent. 2016. MolPathFinder: Interactive Multi-Dimensional Path Filtering of Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data. The Computer Graphics and Visual Computing (CGVC) Conference 2016 (2016), 9--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chandrajit L Bajaj, Valerio Pascucci, and Daniel R Schikore. 1997. The contour spectrum. In Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization'97. IEEE Computer Society Press, 167--173. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kenes Beketayev. 2014. Extracting and visualizing topological information from large high-dimensional data sets. Ph.D. Dissertation. UCDavis. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A Ao Belavin, Alexander M Polyakov, A S Schwartz, and Yu S Tyupkin. 1975. Pseudoparticle solutions of the Yang-Mills equations. Physics Letters B 59, 1 (1975), 85--87.Google ScholarCross Ref
- P-T Bremer, Gunther Weber, Julien Tierny, Valerio Pascucci, Marc Day, and John Bell. 2011. Interactive exploration and analysis of large-scale simulations using topology-based data segmentation. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 17, 9 (2011), 1307--1324. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Roxana Bujack, Ingrid Hotz, Gerik Scheuermann, and Eckhard Hitzer. 2014. Moment invariants for 2d flow fields using normalization. In Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis), 2014 IEEE. IEEE, 41--48. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hamish Carr and Michiel Van Panne. 2004. Topological manipulation of isosurfaces. PhD Thesis. The University of British Columbia. http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/scshca/papers/Car04 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hamish Carr, Jack Snoeyink, and Ulrike Axen. 2003. Computing contour trees in all dimensions. Computational Geometry 24 (2003), 75--94. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hamish Carr, Jack Snoeyink, and Michiel van de Panne. 2010. Flexible isosurfaces: Simplifying and displaying scalar topology using the contour tree. Computational Geometry 43, 1 (2010), 42--58. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yi-Jen Chiang, Tobias Lenz, Xiang Lu, and Günter Rote. 2005. Simple and optimal output-sensitive construction of contour trees using monotone paths. Computational Geometry 30, 2 (2005), 165--195. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hank Childs. 2013. VisIt: An end-user tool for visualizing and analyzing very large data. (2013).Google Scholar
- Kree Cole-McLaughlin, Herbert Edelsbrunner, John Harer, Vijay Natarajan, and Valerio Pascucci. 2003. Loops in Reeb graphs of 2-manifolds. In Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry. ACM, 344--350. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Seamus Cotter, Pietro Giudice, Simon Hands, and Jon-Ivar Skullerud. 2013. Towards the phase diagram of dense two-color matter. Physical Review D 87, 3 (2013), 34507.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michael Creutz. 1983. Quarks, gluons and lattices. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1--169 pages.Google Scholar
- M. De Berg and M. van Kreveld. 1997. Trekking in the Alps Without Freezing or Getting Tired. (1997), 306--323 pages.Google Scholar
- Massimo Di Pierro. 2007. Visualization for lattice QCD. Proceedings of Science (2007).Google Scholar
- Massimo Di Pierro. 2012. Visualization Tools for Lattice QCD-Final Report. Technical Report. DOE.Google Scholar
- Markus Feurstein, Harald Markum, and Stefan Thurner. 1997. Visualization of topological objects in QCD. Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 53, 1--3 (feb 1997), 553--556.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Issei Fujishiro, Yuriko Takeshima, Taeko Azuma, and Shigeo Takahashi. 2000. Volume data mining using 3D field topology analysis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 5 (2000), 46--51. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Simon Hands. 1990. Lattice monopoles and lattice fermions. Nuclear Physics B 329, 1 (1990), 205--224.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Simon Hands and Philip Kenny. 2011. Topological fluctuations in dense matter with two colors. Physics Letters B 701, 3 (2011), 373--377.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Simon Hands, Seyong Kim, and Jon-Ivar Skullerud. 2006. Deconfinement in dense 2-color QCD. Eur.Phys.J. C48 (2006), 193.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Simon Hands, Seyong Kim, and Jon-Ivar Skullerud. 2010. A Quarkyonic Phase in Dense Two Color Matter? Phys.Rev. D81 (2010), 91502.Google Scholar
- Philip Kenny. 2010. Topology and Condensates in Dense Two Colour Matter. PhD Thesis. Swansea University.Google Scholar
- Derek B Leinweber. 2000. Visualizations of the QCD Vacuum. arXiv preprint heplat/0004025 (2000).Google Scholar
- Dan R Lipşa, Robert S Laramee, Simon J Cox, Jonathan C Roberts, Rick Walker, Michelle A Borkin, and Hanspeter Pfister. 2012. Visualization for the Physical Sciences. Computer Graphics Forum 31, 8 (2012), 2317--2347. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tamara Munzner. 2009. A Nested Model for Visualization Design and Validation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 6 (nov 2009), 921--928. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Valerio Pascucci, Giorgio Scorzelli, Peer-Timo Bremer, and Ajith Mascarenhas. 2007. Robust on-line computation of Reeb graphs: simplicity and speed. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Vol. 26. ACM, 58. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Massimo Di Pierro, Michael Clark, Chulwoo Jung, James Osborn, John Negele, Richard Brower, Steven Gottlieb, Yaoqian Zhong, Massimo Di Pierro, Michael Clark, Chulwoo Jung, James Osborn, John Negele, Richard Brower, Steven Gottlieb, and Yaoqian Zhong. 2009. Visualization as a tool for understanding QCD evolution algorithms. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 180. IOP Publishing, 12068.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michael Schlemmer, Manuel Heringer, Florian Morr, Ingrid Hotz, M-H Bertram, Christoph Garth, Wolfgang Kollmann, Bernd Hamann, and Hans Hagen. 2007. Moment invariants for the analysis of 2d flow fields. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 13, 6 (2007), 1743--1750. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ken Shoemake. 1985. Animating rotation with quaternion curves. (1985), 245--254 pages. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shigeo Takahashi, Tetsuya Ikeda, Yoshihisa Shinagawa, Tosiyasu L Kunii, and Minoru Ueda. 1995. Algorithms for extracting correct critical points and constructing topological graphs from discrete geographical elevation data. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 14. 181--192. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sergey P Tarasov and Michael N Vyalyi. 1998. Construction of contour trees in 3D in O (n log n) steps. In Proceedings of the fourteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry. ACM, 68--75. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M Teper. 1985. Instantons in the Quantized SU(2) Vacuum: A Lattice Monte Carlo Investigation. Phys.Lett. B162 (1985), 357.Google Scholar
- Dean P Thomas, Rita Borgo, Hamish Carr, and Simon J Hands. 2017. Joint Contour Net analysis of lattice QCD data. In Topology-Based Methods in Visualization. (under review).Google Scholar
- Julien Tierny, Attila Gyulassy, Eddie Simon, and Valerio Pascucci. 2009. Loop surgery for volumetric meshes: Reeb graphs reduced to contour trees. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 15, 6 (2009), 1177--1184. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frank Wilczek. 2000. QCD made simple. Phys.Today 53N8 (2000), 22--28.Google Scholar
- Kenneth G Wilson. 1974. Confinement of quarks. Physical Review D 10, 8 (1974), 2445.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cha Zhang and Tsuhan Chen. 2001. Efficient feature extraction for 2D/3D objects in mesh representation. In Image Processing, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on, Vol. 3. IEEE, 935--938.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- QCDVis: a tool for the visualisation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) data
Recommendations
QPACE: Quantum Chromodynamics Parallel Computing on the Cell Broadband Engine
The Quantum Chromodynamics Parallel Computing on the Cell Broadband Engine (QPACE) project is developing a massively parallel, scalable supercomputer for applications in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Specifically, the architecture is a 3D torus ...
Disappearance of entanglement: a topological point of view
We give a topological classification of the evolution of entanglement, particularly the different ways the entanglement can disappear as a function of time. Four categories exhaust all possibilities given the initial quantum state is entangled and the ...
Comments