skip to main content
10.1145/3170521.3170535acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication Pagesworkshops-icdcnConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Imbalanced big data classification: a distributed implementation of SMOTE

Published: 04 January 2018 Publication History

Abstract

In the domain of machine learning, quality of data is most critical component for building good models. Predictive analytics is an AI stream used to predict future events based on historical learnings and is used in diverse fields like predicting online frauds, oil slicks, intrusion attacks, credit defaults, prognosis of disease cells etc. Unfortunately, in most of these cases, traditional learning models fail to generate required results due to imbalanced nature of data. Here imbalance denotes small number of instances belonging to the class under prediction like fraud instances in the total online transactions. The prediction in imbalanced classification gets further limited due to factors like small disjuncts which get accentuated during the partitioning of data when learning at scale. Synthetic generation of minority class data (SMOTE [<u>1</u>]) is one pioneering approach by Chawla [<u>1</u>] to offset said limitations and generate more balanced datasets. Although there exists a standard implementation of SMOTE in python, it is unavailable for distributed computing environments for large datasets. Bringing SMOTE to distributed environment under spark is the key motivation for our research. In this paper we present our algorithm, observations and results for synthetic generation of minority class data under spark using Locality Sensitivity Hashing [LSH]. We were able to successfully demonstrate a distributed version of Spark SMOTE which generated quality artificial samples preserving spatial distribution1.

References

[1]
Chawla Nitesh, et al. 2002. Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 16, 321--357.
[2]
Yu H, Hong S, Yang X, Ni J, Dan Y, Qin B. 2013. Recognition of multiple imbalanced cancer types based on DNA microarray data using ensemble classifiers. BioMed Research International, 1--13.
[3]
Elhag S, Fernández A, Bawakid A, Alshomrani S, Herrera F. 2015. On the combination of genetic fuzzy systems and pairwise learning for improving detection rates on intrusion detection systems. Expert Syst Appl 42(1), 193--202.
[4]
He H, García E A. 2009. Learning from imbalanced data. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 21(9), 1263--1284.
[5]
Sun Y, Wong, Andrew and Mohamed Kamel, 2009. Classification of Imbalanced Data: A Review. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. 23, 04, 687--719.
[6]
Fernández, A., Chawla, Nitesh, García, S., Palade, V., Herrera, F. 2017 An insight into classification with imbalanced data: empirical results and current trends on using data intrinsic characteristics. Complex and Intelligent Systems 250(20), 113--141.
[7]
Batista GEAPA, Prati RC, Monard, MC. 2004. A study of the behavior of several methods for balancing machine learning training data. SIGKDD Explorations 6, 1, 20--29.
[8]
Ramentol E, Vluymans S, Verbiest N, Caballero Y, Bello R, Cornelis C, Herrera F. 2015. IFROWANN: imbalanced fuzzy-rough ordered weighted average nearest neighbor classification. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Systems 23(5), 1622--1637.
[9]
Domingos P. 1999 Metacost: A general method for making classifiers cost-sensitive. Proceedings of the 5th international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD'99), 155--164.
[10]
D. Laney. 2001. 3D data management: Controlling data volume, velocity, and variety. Tech. rep., META Group.
[11]
Apache Spark https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/index.html.
[12]
Prati, R.C., G.E. Batista, and M.C. Monard. 2004. Learning with class skews and small disjuncts, Advances in Artificial Intelligence-SBIA, Springer, 296--306.
[13]
Jo, T. and N. Japkowicz. 2004. Class imbalances versus small disjuncts. SIGKDD Explorer Newsletter. 6(1), 40--49.
[14]
Alejo, R., et al. 2013. A hybrid method to face class overlap and class imbalance on neural networks and multi-class scenarios. Pattern Recognition Letters. 34(4), 380--388.
[15]
García, S. and F. Herrera. 2009 Evolutionary undersampling for classification with imbalanced datasets. Proposals and taxonomy. Evolutionary Computation. 17(3), 275--306.
[16]
Kamal S, Ripon SH, Dey N, Ashour AS, Santhi V. 2016. A MapReduce approach to diminish imbalance parameters for big deoxyribonucleic acid dataset. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 131, 191--206.
[17]
Hu F, Li H, Lou H, Dai J. 2014. A parallel oversampling algorithm based on NRSBoundary-SMOTE. Journal of Information & Computer Science 11(13), 4655--4665.
[18]
Antonin Guttman. 1984 R-trees: A dynamic index structure for spatial searching. SIGMOD Conference, 47--57.
[19]
Jon Louis Bentley. 1990. K-d trees for semidynamic point sets. Symposium on Computational Geometry.
[20]
W. Lu, Y. Shen, S. Chen, and B. C. Ooi. 2012. Efficient processing of k nearest neighbor joins using mapreduce. Proceedings of VLDB Endow. Vol. 5, no. 10, 1016--1027.
[21]
Bahmani, B., Moseley, B., Vattani, A., Ravi Kumar, Vassilvitskii, S. 2012. Scalable K means ++. Journal Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment. Vol 5 Issue 7, 622--633.
[22]
Indyk, P., Motwani, R. 1998. Approximate Nearest Neighbours: Towards Removing the Curse of Dimensionality. Proceedings of the thirtieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, 604--613.
[23]
Rajaraman, Jure Leskovec, Jeffrey D. Ullman. 2014. Mining of Massive Datasets. Cambridge University Press.
[24]
Slaney, M., Casey, M., 2008. Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Finding Nearest Neighbors. IEEE Signal Processing Machine. 129--131.
[25]
Sundaramy, N., Turmukhametova, A., Satishy, N., Mostak, T, Indyk, P., Madden, S., and Dubey, P. 2013. Streaming Similarity Search over one Billion Tweets using Parallel Locality Sensitive Hashing. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, Vol. 6, No. 14, 1930--1941.
[26]
Liv, Q, Josephson, W., Wang, Z., Charikar, M., Li, K. 2007. Multi Probe LSH: Efficient Indexing for High Dimensional Similarity Search. Proceedings of the 33rd VLDB, 950--961.
[27]
M. Datar, N. Immorlica, P. Indyk, V. S. Mirrokni. 2004. Locality-sensitive hashing scheme based on p-stable distributions. In Proceedings of the 20th Symposium on Computational Geometry (SCG) 253--262.
[28]
Huang J, Ling CX. 2005. Using AUC and accuracy in evaluating learning algorithms. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 17(3), 299--310.
[29]
ECBDL'14 dataset. http://cruncher.ncl.ac.uk/bdcomp/
[30]
Scikit Learn. http://contrib.scikit-learn.org/imbalanced-learn/stable/generated/imblearn.over_sampling.SMOTE.html.
[31]
J. Alcalá-Fdez, A. Fernandez, J. Luengo, J. Derrac, S. García, L. Sánchez, F. Herrera. 2011. KEEL Data-Mining Software Tool: Data Set Repository, Integration of Algorithms and Experimental Analysis Framework. Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing 17:2-3, 255--287.
[32]
Abalone dataset http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/dataset.php?cod=115.
[33]
Yeast dataset http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/dataset.php?cod=133.
[34]
H2o https://www.h2o.ai.
[35]
Krawczyk, Bartosz. 2016. Learning from imbalanced data:Open challenges and future directions. Progress in Artificial Intelligence. Vol 5, Issue 4, 221--232.
[36]
D.S. Huang, X.-P. Zhang, G.-B. Huang. 2005. Borderline-SMOTE A New Over-Sampling Method in Imbalanced Data Sets Learning. Advances in Intelligent Computing, Part I, LNCS 3644. 878 -- 887.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Application of Oversampling Techniques for Enhanced Transverse Dispersion Coefficient Estimation Performance Using Machine Learning RegressionWater10.3390/w1610135916:10(1359)Online publication date: 10-May-2024
  • (2022)Spatiotemporal data partitioning for distributed random forest algorithm: Air quality prediction using imbalanced big spatiotemporal data on spark distributed frameworkEnvironmental Technology & Innovation10.1016/j.eti.2022.10277627(102776)Online publication date: Aug-2022
  • (2022)A case study for performance analysis of big data stream classification using spark architectureInternational Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management10.1007/s13198-022-01703-415:1(253-266)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Imbalanced big data classification: a distributed implementation of SMOTE

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    Workshops ICDCN '18: Proceedings of the Workshop Program of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
    January 2018
    151 pages
    ISBN:9781450363976
    DOI:10.1145/3170521
    • Conference Chair:
    • Doina Bein
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 04 January 2018

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. SMOTE
    2. imbalanced classification
    3. locality sensitivity hashing
    4. map reduce
    5. nearest neighbors
    6. spark

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    Workshops ICDCN 2018

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)29
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
    Reflects downloads up to 07 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Application of Oversampling Techniques for Enhanced Transverse Dispersion Coefficient Estimation Performance Using Machine Learning RegressionWater10.3390/w1610135916:10(1359)Online publication date: 10-May-2024
    • (2022)Spatiotemporal data partitioning for distributed random forest algorithm: Air quality prediction using imbalanced big spatiotemporal data on spark distributed frameworkEnvironmental Technology & Innovation10.1016/j.eti.2022.10277627(102776)Online publication date: Aug-2022
    • (2022)A case study for performance analysis of big data stream classification using spark architectureInternational Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management10.1007/s13198-022-01703-415:1(253-266)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2022
    • (2021)A device for effective weed removal for smart agriculture using convolutional neural networkInternational Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management10.1007/s13198-021-01441-z13:S1(397-404)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2021
    • (2020)A study on rare fraud predictions with big Medicare claims fraud dataIntelligent Data Analysis10.3233/IDA-18441524:1(141-161)Online publication date: 18-Feb-2020
    • (2019)Deterministic oversampling methods based on SMOTEJournal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems10.3233/JIFS-17904136:5(4945-4955)Online publication date: 14-May-2019
    • (2019)Examining characteristics of predictive models with imbalanced big dataJournal of Big Data10.1186/s40537-019-0231-26:1Online publication date: 31-Jul-2019
    • (2019)The effects of class rarity on the evaluation of supervised healthcare fraud detection modelsJournal of Big Data10.1186/s40537-019-0181-86:1Online publication date: 28-Feb-2019
    • (2019)Investigating Random Undersampling and Feature Selection on Bioinformatics Big Data2019 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService)10.1109/BigDataService.2019.00063(346-356)Online publication date: Apr-2019
    • (2018)Transforming big data into smart data: An insight on the use of the k‐nearest neighbors algorithm to obtain quality dataWIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery10.1002/widm.12899:2Online publication date: 28-Nov-2018

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media