skip to main content
10.1145/3195970.3196099acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdacConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

RAIN: a tool for reliability assessment of interconnect networks---physics to software

Published:24 June 2018Publication History

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we study the main interconnect aging processes: electromigration, thermomigration and stress migration and propose comprehensive yet compact models for transient and steady states based on hydrostatic stress evolution. Our model can be expressed in terms of voltages only which abstracts away the hydrostatic stress. The model also explains some experimental observations, introduces temperature-dependent Blech's length criterion and a new time-to-failure formula replacing Black's empirical model. A tool is developed based on the proposed model which assesses reliability of multi-segment complex interconnect networks. Experimental results obtained on IBM benchmarks validate the model.

References

  1. K.-D. Lee et al. "Effect of Joule Heating on electromigration in dual-damascene copper low-k interconnects." IEEE Int. Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2017.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. R. Brain, "Interconnect scaling: Challenges and opportunities." IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. B. Li et al. "Thermal characterization and challenges of advanced interconnects." IEEE Int. Reliability Physics Symp. IRPS, 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. R.A.Oriani, "Thermomigration in solid metals." J. of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 30.2 (1969): 339-351.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. H.V. Nguyen et al. "Effect of thermal gradients on the electromigration lifetime in power electronics." IEEE Int. Reliability Physics Symp., 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Chen, Hai-Bao, et al. "Analytical Modeling of Electromigration Failure for VLSI Interconnect Tree Considering Temperature and Segment Length Effects." IEEE Trans on Device and Materials Reliability (2017).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. M.A. Korhonen et al. "Stress evolution due to electromigration in confined metal lines. "J. of Appl. Physics 73.8 {1993).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Hauschildt, M., et al. "Electromigration early failure void nucleation and growth phenomena in Cu and Cu (Mn) interconnects." Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2013 IEEE International. IEEE, 2013.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. J.R. Black, "Electromigration---A brief survey and some recent results." IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices 16.4 (1969): 338-347.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  10. I.A. Blech "Electromigration in thin aluminum films on titanium nitride." J. of Appl. Physics 47.4 (1976): 1203-1208.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. H. Hencky, "Über die Form des Elastizitätsgesetzes bei ideal elastischen Stoffen", Z. Techn. Phys.9, 215-220; 457 (1928).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. A. Abbasinasab and M. Marek-Sadowska. "Blech effect in interconnects: Applications and design guidelines." Proc. ACM Int. Symp. on Physical Design, 2015. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. T.-Y. Chiang, Electrothermal Analysis of VLSI Interconnects. Diss. Stanford University, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. H.S. Carslaw and J. C. Jaeger. Conduction of heat in solids. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. J.S. Chawla et al. "Resistance and electromigration performance of 6 nm wires." IEEE Int. Interconnect Technology Conference/Advanced Metallization Conf. {IITC/AMC}, 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. B. Kaczer, "Present and Future of FEOL Reliability---from Dielectric Trap Properties to Reliable Circuit Operation." IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. T. Standaert et al. "BEOL process integration for the 7 nm technology node." IEEE Int. Interconnect Technology Conf./Advanced Metallization Conf. (IITC/AMC), 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Short Course, "Technology Options at the 5 Nanometer Node." IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting {IEDM), 2016.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Sun, Zeyu, et al. "Voltage-based electromigration immortality check for general multi-branch interconnects." Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on. IEEE, 2016. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Nassif, Sani R. "Power grid analysis benchmarks." Design Automation Conference, 2008. ASPDAC 2008. Asia and South Pacific. IEEE, 2008. (IBM) Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. RAIN (tool), available {online} https://github.com/abbasinasab/rainGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar

Recommendations

Comments

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Sign in
  • Published in

    cover image ACM Conferences
    DAC '18: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference
    June 2018
    1089 pages
    ISBN:9781450357005
    DOI:10.1145/3195970

    Copyright © 2018 ACM

    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    • Published: 24 June 2018

    Permissions

    Request permissions about this article.

    Request Permissions

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • research-article

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate1,770of5,499submissions,32%

    Upcoming Conference

    DAC '24
    61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
    June 23 - 27, 2024
    San Francisco , CA , USA

PDF Format

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader