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POP-PL: A Patient-Oriented Prescription Programming Language

Authors:

Spencer P. Florence,

Burke Fetscher,

William H. Temps,

Vincent St-Amour,

Tina Kiguradze,

Dennis P. West,

Charlotte Niznik,

Paul R. Yarnold,

Robert Bruce Findler,

Steven M. BelknapAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), Volume 40, Issue 3

Article No.: 10, Pages 1 - 37

https://doi.org/10.1145/3210256

Published: 05 July 2018 Publication History

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Abstract

A medical prescription is a set of health care instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient, which may include orders for drug therapy, diet, clinical assessment, and laboratory testing. Clinicians have long used algorithmic thinking to describe and implement prescriptions but without the benefit of a formal programming language. Instead, medical algorithms are expressed using a natural language patois, flowcharts, or as structured data in an electronic medical record system. The lack of a prescription programming language inhibits expressiveness; results in prescriptions that are difficult to understand, hard to debug, and awkward to reuse; and increases the risk of fatal medical error.

This article reports on the design and evaluation of Patient-Oriented Prescription Programming Language (POP-PL), a domain-specific programming language designed for expressing prescriptions. The language is based around the idea that programs and humans have complementary strengths that, when combined properly, can make for safer, more accurate performance of prescriptions. Use of POP-PL facilitates automation of certain low-level vigilance tasks, freeing up human cognition for abstract thinking, compassion, and human communication.

We implemented this language and evaluated its design attempting to write prescriptions in the new language and evaluated its usability by assessing whether clinicians can understand and modify prescriptions written in the language. We found that some medical prescriptions can be expressed in a formal domain-specific programming language, and we determined that medical professionals can understand and correctly modify programs written in POP-PL. We also discuss opportunities for refining and further developing POP-PL.

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Cited By

Rundo LPirrone RVitabile SSala EGambino O(2020)Recent advances of HCI in decision-making tasks for optimized clinical workflows and precision medicineJournal of Biomedical Informatics10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103479108(103479)Online publication date: Aug-2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103479

Index Terms

POP-PL: A Patient-Oriented Prescription Programming Language
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software notations and tools
    1. Context specific languages
      1. Domain specific languages

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cover image ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems Volume 40, Issue 3

September 2018

230 pages

ISSN:0164-0925

EISSN:1558-4593

DOI:10.1145/3236464

Editor:
Andrew Myers
Cornell University, USA

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Copyright © 2018 ACM.

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Publication History

Published: 05 July 2018

Accepted: 01 February 2018

Revised: 01 October 2017

Received: 01 October 2016

Published in TOPLAS Volume 40, Issue 3

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Cited By

Rundo LPirrone RVitabile SSala EGambino O(2020)Recent advances of HCI in decision-making tasks for optimized clinical workflows and precision medicineJournal of Biomedical Informatics10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103479108(103479)Online publication date: Aug-2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103479

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