E. W. Lam
ABSTRACT
Visible light positioning, or VLP, has emerged as a low-cost approach to enabling a variety of indoor location-based services for indoor smart spaces. However, a survey of existing approaches to VLP reveals some challenges in comparing one system to another.
Advances in key areas are expected to enable new levels of performance at low cost. These include innovations at the source (LEDs, Laser Diodes/LIDAR, and ToF sensors), at the receiver (diversity receivers and AoA sensors), and in the design of the overall end-to-end VLP system. Again, comparing these improvements from one system to the another is difficult due to varying assumptions and operating conditions.
In this paper we classify VLP techniques in an attempt to reconcile the wide range of characteristics. We also propose a new concept called an active zone in recognition that best performance is needed primarily in a subset of the volume of an indoor space. Finally, we show the performance of a baseline VLP system under the new metric and conclude with how our Visible Light Communication (VLC) testbed can be used to verify and quantify the region we call the active zone.
- H. S. Kim, D. R. Kim, S. H. Yang, Y. H. Son, and S. K. Han. 2013. An Indoor Visible Light Communication Positioning System Using a RF Carrier Allocation Technique. Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, 1 (Jan 2013), 134--144.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- T. Komine and M. Nakagawa. 2004. Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 50, 1 (Feb 2004), 100--107. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Emily W Lam and Thomas DC Little. 2018. Resolving Height Uncertainty in Indoor Visible Light Positioning Using a Steerable Laser. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops): The 4th Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) (ICC 2018 Workshop - OWC). Kansas City, USA.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. De Lausnay, L. De Strycker, J. P. Goemaere, N. Stevens, and B. Nauwelaers. 2015. A Visible Light Positioning system using Frequency Division Multiple Access with square waves. In 2015 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS). 1--7.Google Scholar
- Tianxing Li, Qiang Liu, and Xia Zhou. 2016. Practical Human Sensing in the Light. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 71--84. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Little, M. Rahaim, I. Abdalla, E. Lam, R. Mcallister, and A. M. Vegni. 2018. A multi-cell lighting testbed for VLC and VLP. In 2018 Global LIFI Congress (GLC). 1--6.Google Scholar
- D. Lymberopoulos and J. Liu. 2017. The Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition: Experiences and Lessons Learned. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 34, 5 (Sept 2017), 125--140.Google ScholarCross Ref
- U. Nadeem, N. U. Hassan, M. A. Pasha, and C. Yuen. 2014. Highly accurate 3D wireless indoor positioning system using white LED lights. Electronics Letters 50, 11 (May 2014), 828--830.Google ScholarCross Ref
- U. Nadeem, N. U. Hassan, M. A. Pasha, and C. Yuen. 2015. Indoor positioning system designs using visible LED lights: performance comparison of TDM and FDM protocols. Electronics Letters 51, 1 (2015), 72--74.Google ScholarCross Ref
- H. Steendam. 2018. A 3-D Positioning Algorithm for AOA-Based VLP With an Aperture-Based Receiver. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, 1 (Jan 2018), 23--33.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jayakorn Vongkulbhisal, Bhume Chantaramolee, Yan Zhao, and Waleed S. Mohammed. 2012. A fingerprinting-based indoor localization system using intensity modulation of light emitting diodes. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, 5 (2012), 1218--1227.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. H. Yang, H. S. Kim, Y. H. Son, and S. K. Han. 2014. Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Localization Using AOA and RSS With Multiple Optical Receivers. Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, 14 (July 2014), 2480--2485.Google ScholarCross Ref
- R. Zhang, W. D. Zhong, K. Qian, and D. Wu. 2017. Image Sensor Based Visible Light Positioning System With Improved Positioning Algorithm. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 6087--6094.Google Scholar
- Weizhi Zhang, M. I. Sakib Chowdhury, and Mohsen Kavehrad. 2014. Asynchronous indoor positioning system based on visible light communications. Optical Engineering 53 (2014), 53 -- 53 -- 10.Google Scholar
- J. Zhao, P. Ishwar, and J. Konrad. 2017. Privacy-preserving indoor localization via light transport analysis. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). 3331--3335.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Refining light-based positioning for indoor smart spaces
Recommendations
Indoor Positioning Based on Visible Light Communication: A Performance-based Survey of Real-world Prototypes
The emergent context-aware applications in ubiquitous computing demands for obtaining accurate location information of humans or objects in real-time. Indoor location-based services can be delivered through implementing different types of technology, ...
Multi-cell deployment for experimental research in visible light communication-based internet of things
IoL '21: Proceedings of the Workshop on Internet of LightsVisible Light Communication (VLC) provides both illumination and communication thanks to the usage of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In order to support the research in the field, the study of possible infrastructures to enable constant illumination and ...
A Survey of Channel Modeling Techniques for Visible Light Communications
AbstractVisible Light Communication (VLC) is a subset of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) originally based on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for data transmission in an imperceptible way to human vision. Thanks to its wide license-free ...
Highlights- An Overview on VLC channel models: definition, architecture, and methods.
- ...
Comments