research-article

2D shading for cel animation

Authors:

Mairéad Grogan,

Aljoša SmolićAuthors Info & Claims

Expressive '18: Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

Article No.: 15, Pages 1 - 12

https://doi.org/10.1145/3229147.3229148

Published: 17 August 2018 Publication History

Abstract

We present a semi-automatic method for creating shades and self-shadows in cel animation. Besides producing attractive images, shades and shadows provide important visual cues about depth, shapes, movement and lighting of the scene. In conventional cel animation, shades and shadows are drawn by hand. As opposed to previous approaches, this method does not rely on a complex 3D reconstruction of the scene: its key advantages are simplicity and ease of use. The tool was designed to stay as close as possible to the natural 2D creative environment and therefore provides an intuitive and user-friendly interface. Our system creates shading based on hand-drawn objects or characters, given very limited guidance from the user. The method employs simple yet very efficient algorithms to create shading directly out of drawn strokes. We evaluate our system through a subjective user study and provide qualitative comparison of our method versus existing professional tools and state of the art.

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Cited By

Duan ZWang CChen CQian WHuang JLarson K(2024)DiffutoonProceedings of the Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence10.24963/ijcai.2024/846(7645-7653)Online publication date: 3-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.24963/ijcai.2024/846
Xue HKang C(2022)Stroke Based Shadow Generation For Line Drawings2022 7th International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC)10.1109/ICIVC55077.2022.9887289(735-740)Online publication date: 26-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIVC55077.2022.9887289
Tschumperle DPorquet CMahboubi A(2022)Automatic Illumination of Flat-Colored Drawings by 3D Augmentation of 2D Silhouettes2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)10.1109/ICIP46576.2022.9897386(371-375)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP46576.2022.9897386
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

2D shading for cel animation
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Interaction design
    1. Interaction design process and methods
      1. User interface design

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cover image ACM Conferences

Expressive '18: Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

August 2018

200 pages

ISBN:9781450358927

DOI:10.1145/3229147

General Chairs:
Brian Wyvill
University of Victoria, Canada
,
Hongbo Fu
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

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EUROGRAPHICS: The European Association for Computer Graphics

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 17 August 2018

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Funding Sources

Science Foundation Ireland

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Expressive '18

Sponsor:

SIGGRAPH

Expressive '18: Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering

August 17 - 19, 2018

British Columbia, Victoria, Canada

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Cited By

Duan ZWang CChen CQian WHuang JLarson K(2024)DiffutoonProceedings of the Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence10.24963/ijcai.2024/846(7645-7653)Online publication date: 3-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.24963/ijcai.2024/846
Xue HKang C(2022)Stroke Based Shadow Generation For Line Drawings2022 7th International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC)10.1109/ICIVC55077.2022.9887289(735-740)Online publication date: 26-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIVC55077.2022.9887289
Tschumperle DPorquet CMahboubi A(2022)Automatic Illumination of Flat-Colored Drawings by 3D Augmentation of 2D Silhouettes2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)10.1109/ICIP46576.2022.9897386(371-375)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP46576.2022.9897386
Zhang LJiang JJi YLiu C(2021)SmartShadow: Artistic Shadow Drawing Tool for Line Drawings2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00534(5371-5380)Online publication date: Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00534
Dadfar OPollard N(2021)3A2A: A Character Animation Pipeline for 3D-Assisted 2D-AnimationImage and Graphics10.1007/978-3-030-87361-5_46(557-568)Online publication date: 30-Sep-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87361-5_46
Parakkat AGowtham HJoshi SMuthuganapathy R(2020)A digital assistant for shading paper sketchesVisual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art10.1186/s42492-020-00049-73:1Online publication date: 8-Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-020-00049-7
Zheng QLi ZBargteil A(2020)Learning to Shadow Hand-Drawn Sketches2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00746(7434-7443)Online publication date: Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00746
Hudon MGrogan MPagés RSmolić A(2019)Deep Normal Estimation for Automatic Shading of Hand-Drawn CharactersComputer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops10.1007/978-3-030-11015-4_20(246-262)Online publication date: 23-Jan-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11015-4_20

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