ABSTRACT
Energy harvesting is an alternative to achieve maintenance-free IoT devices. However, the intermittent and low-intensity ambient power supply poses a great challenge to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of these applications. Adequate QoS simulation is required to evaluate the system design before deployment. Unfortunately, existing simulators lack supports on neither system-level behaviors under power failure circumstances nor the modeling mechanism for peripheral functionality and energy-related parameters. This paper proposes a system-level simulator named AES to evaluate and assist the intermittently-powered system (IPS) design. Adopting a flexible energy message handling framework and an easily-configured virtual device interface, AES supports both functionality and energy-related behavior simulation of all hardware modules under intermittent power scenarios. A hardware prototype is established and validates that the deviation of AES is less than 6.4%, which is adequate for IoT applications. With AES, this paper also explores the impact and design space of the system parameters in an IPS and provides a group of design guidelines to improve the performance by 37.2% in average, which reveals the potential of AES on IPS design.
- Nathan Binkert, Somayeh Sardashti, Rathijit Sen, Korey Sewell, Muhammad Shoaib, Nilay Vaish, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood, Bradford Beckmann, Gabriel Black, Steven K. Reinhardt, Ali Saidi, Arkaprava Basu, Joel Hestness, Derek R. Hower, and Tushar Krishna. 2011. The gem5 simulator. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 39, 2 (2011), 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alexei Colin, Graham Harvey, Brandon Lucia, and Alanson P. Sample. 2016. An Energy-interference-free Hardware-Software Debugger for Intermittent Energy-harvesting Systems. ASPLOS 2016, Acm Sigops Operating Systems Review 50, 2 (2016), 577--589. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xiangyu Dong, Cong Xu, Norm Jouppi, and Yuan Xie. 2014. NVSim: A circuit-level performance, energy, and area model for emerging non-volatile memory. In Emerging Memory Technologies: Design, Architecture, and Applications. Vol. 9781441995. 15--50. arXiv:arXiv:1011.1669v3Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yizi Gu, Yongpan Liu, Yiqun Wang, Hehe Li, and Huazhong Yang. 2016. NVPsim: A simulator for architecture explorations of nonvolatile processors. In ASP-DAC, Vol. 25--28-Janu. 147--152.Google Scholar
- Yongpan Liu, Zewei Li, Hehe Li, Yiqun Wang, Xueqing Li, Kaisheng Ma, Shuangchen Li, Meng Fan Chang, Sampson John, and Yuan Xie. 2015. Ambient energy harvesting nonvolatile processors: From circuit to system. In Design Automation Conference. 150. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fang Su, Kaisheng Ma, Xueqing Li, Tongda Wu, Yongpan Liu, and Vijaykrishnan Narayanan. 2017. Nonvolatile processors: Why is it trending?. In 2017 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 966--971. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yiqun Wang, Yongpan Liu, Shuangchen Li, Daming Zhang, Bo Zhao, Mei-Fang Chiang, Yanxin Yan, Baiko Sai, and Huazhong Yang. 2012. A 3us wake-up time nonvolatile processor based on ferroelectric flip-flops. In 2012 Proceedings of ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC). IEEE, 149--152.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhibo Wang, Fang Su, Zeiwei Li, Xueqing Li, Ryuji Yoshimura, Takashi Naiki, Takashi Tsuwa, Takahiko Saito, Zhongjun Wang, Koji Taniuchi, Meng-Fan Chang, Huazhong Yang, and Yongpan Liu. 2017. A 130nm FeRAM-based parallel recovery nonvolatile SOC for normally-OFF operations with 3.9x faster running speed and 11x higher energy efficiency using fast power-on detection and nonvolatile radio controller. In Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits. IEEE, C336--C337.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Simulating Intermittently Powered Embedded Networks
EWSN '16: Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and NetworksWith the promise of delivering immortality, energy harvesting and wireless energy transfer have become the next research frontier for pervasive computing and networks. The challenge still is to adapt operations along all aspects of a sensing system (...
Wake-up Radio-enabled Intermittently-powered Devices for Mesh Networking: A Power Analysis
2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)This paper analyzes the successful communication probability between two intermittently-powered nodes in a homogeneous energy harvesting (EH) mesh network. Powering devices using EH can enable networks to operate indefinitely; however, with limited energy ...
Intermittently-powered energy harvesting step counter for fitness tracking
2017 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the popularity of wearable and portable devices, such as step counters, to monitor fitness performance. However, these devices are battery-powered, meaning that their lifetimes are restricted by ...
Comments