skip to main content
10.1145/3290605.3300408acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Ethical Mediation in UX Practice

Published:02 May 2019Publication History

ABSTRACT

HCI scholars have become increasingly interested in describing the complex nature of UX practice. In parallel, HCI and STS scholars have sought to describe the ethical and value-laden relationship between designers and design outcomes. However, little research describes the ethical engagement of UX practitioners as a form of design complexity, including the multiple mediating factors that impact ethical awareness and decision-making. In this paper, we use a practice-led approach to describe ethical complexity, presenting three varied cases of UX practitioners based onin situ observations and interviews. In each case, we describe salient factors relating to ethical mediation, including organizational practices, self-driven ethical principles, and unique characteristics of specific projects the practitioner is engaged in. Using the concept of mediation from activity theory, we provide a rich account of practitioners' ethical decision making. We propose future work on ethical awareness and design education based on the concept of ethical mediation.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

paper178.mp4

mp4

208.5 MB

References

  1. Anders Albrechtslund. 2007. Ethics and technology design. Ethics and information technology 9, 1 (March 2007), 63--72. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Julian Baggini and Peter S Fosl. 2007. The ethics toolkit: a compendium of ethical concepts and methods. Blackwell Pub. https://market.android.com/details?id=book-ikvXAAAAMAAJGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Olav W Bertelsen and Susanne Bødker. 2003. Activity Theory. In HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks. Elsevier, 291--324.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Alan Borning and Michael Muller. 2012. Next steps for value sensitive design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1125--1134. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (Jan. 2006), 77--101.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Harry Brignull. 2011. Dark Patterns: Deception vs. Honesty in UI Design. Interaction Design, Usability 338 (Nov. 2011), 338. https://alistapart.com/article/dark-patterns-deception-vs.-honesty-in-ui-designGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Amy Bruckman. 2014. Research Ethics and HCI. In Ways of Knowing in HCI, Judith S Olson and Wendy A Kellogg (Eds.). Springer New York, New York, NY, 449--468.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Ryan C Campbell, Ken Yasuhara, and Denise Wilson. 2012. Care ethics in engineering education: Undergraduate student perceptions of responsibility. In Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Phil F Carspecken. 1996. Critical ethnography in educational research: A theoretical and practical guide. Routledge, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Anthony Faiola. 2007. The Design Enterprise: Rethinking the HCI Education Paradigm. Design Issues 23, 3 (July 2007), 30--45.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Daniel Fallman. 2003. Design-oriented human-computer interaction. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 225--232. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Madison Fansher, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, and Colin M Gray. 2018. #darkpatterns: UX Practitioner Conversations About Ethical Design. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New York, New York, USA, LBW082. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Alain Findeli. 2001. Rethinking Design Education for the 21st Century: Theoretical, Methodological, and Ethical Discussion. Design Issues 17, 1 (Jan. 2001), 5--17.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. Mary Flanagan and Helen Nissenbaum. 2014. Values at Play in Digital Games. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. https://market.android.com/ details?id=book-iIYRBAAAQBAJ Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Bent Flyvbjerg. 2006. Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative inquiry 12, 2 (2006), 219--245.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Batya Friedman, Peter Kahn, and Alan Borning. 2002. Value sensitive design: Theory and methods. University of Washington technical report (2002), 02--12.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Batya Friedman and Peter H Kahn Jr. 2003. Human values, ethics, and design. In The human-computer interaction handbook, Julie A Jacko and Andrew Sears (Eds.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, 1177--1201. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Ken Friedman. 2012. Models of Design: Envisioning a Future Design Education. Visible Language 46, 1/2 (2012), 132--153.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Elizabeth Goodman, Erik Stolterman, and Ron Wakkary. 2011. Understanding Interaction Design Practices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1061--1070. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Colin M Gray and Elizabeth Boling. 2016. Inscribing ethics and values in designs for learning: a problematic. Educational technology research and development 64, 5 (Oct. 2016), 969--1001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Colin M Gray, Cesur Dagli, Muruvvet Demiral-Uzan, Funda Ergulec, Verily Tan, Abdullah A Altuwaijri, Khendum Gyabak, Megan Hilligoss, Remzi Kizilboga, Kei Tomita, and Elizabeth Boling. 2015. Judgment and Instructional Design: How ID Practitioners Work In Practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly 28, 3 (Oct. 2015), 25--49.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Colin M Gray, Erik Stolterman, and Martin A Siegel. 2014. Reprioritizing the relationship between HCI research and practice: bubble-up and trickle-down effects. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems (DIS '14). ACM, New York, New York, USA, 725--734. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Colin M Gray, Austin L Toombs, and Shad Gross. 2015. Flow of Competence in UX Design Practice. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3285--3294. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Steve Harrison, Phoebe Sengers, and Deborah Tatar. 2011. Making epistemological trouble: Third-paradigm HCI as successor science. Interacting with Computers 23, 5 (Sept. 2011), 385--392. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie A Nardi. 2012. Activity Theory in HCI - Fundamentals and Reflections. Activity Theory in HCI 5, 1 (2012), 1--105.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Jes A Koepfler, Luke Stark, Paul Dourish, Phoebe Sengers, and Katie Shilton. 2014. Values & design in HCI education. In CHI'14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 127--130. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Yubo Kou and Bonnie A Nardi. 2018. Complex Mediation in the Formation of Political Opinions. CHI (2018), 1--15. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Kari Kuutti. 2009. HCI and design: uncomfortable bedfellows? In (Re)searching the Digital Bauhaus, Binder, Löwgren, and Malmborg (Eds.). Springer, London, 43--60.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Kari Kuutti and Liam J Bannon. 2014. The turn to practice in HCI: Towards a research agenda. In CHI. Oulun Yliopisto, Oulu, Finland, Ethical Mediation in UX Practice CHI 2019, May 4--9, 2019, Glasgow, Scotland UK ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 3543--3552. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Christopher A Le Dantec, Erika Shehan Poole, and Susan P Wyche. 2009. Values as lived experience: evolving value sensitive design in support of value discovery. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1141--1150. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Hong Lin. 2007. The ethics of instructional technology: issues and coping strategies experienced by professional technologists in design and training situations in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development 55, 5 (Feb. 2007), 411--437.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  32. Peter Lloyd. 2009. Ethical Imagination and Design. In About: Designing: Analysing Design Meetings, Janet McDonnell and Peter Lloyd (Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 85--99.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Victor Margolin. 1991. Design studies and the education of designers. Pedagogia Del Disseny 6 (1991).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. Cosmin Munteanu, Heather Molyneaux, Wendy Moncur, Mario Romero, Susan O'Donnell, and John Vines. 2015. Situational Ethics: Re-thinking Approaches to Formal Ethics Requirements for HumanComputer Interaction. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '15. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 105--114. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Daisy Mwanza and Olav W Bertelsen. 2003. Methods for Applying Activity Theory to HCI Design. INTERACT (2003).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  36. Bonnie A Nardi. 1996. Context and Consciousness: Activity theory and human-computer interaction. Cambridge. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. Harold G Nelson and Erik Stolterman. 2012. The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world (2nd ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. Marina Pantazidou and Indira Nair. 1999. Ethic of care: guiding principles for engineering teaching & practice. 88, 2 (1999), 205--212.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. Victor J Papanek. 1972. Design for the real world; human ecology and social change. Pantheon Books, New York, NY.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Michael Quinn Patton. 2014. Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). London, UK, Sage.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. Katie Shilton. 2013. Values Levers: Building Ethics into Design. Science, technology & human values 38, 3 (May 2013), 374--397.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  42. Katie Shilton. 2018. Engaging Values Despite Neutrality: Challenges and Approaches to Values Reflection during the Design of Internet Infrastructure. Science, technology & human values 43, 2 (March 2018), 247--269.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  43. Katie Shilton. 2018. Values and Ethics in Human-Computer Interaction. Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction 12, 2 (2018), 107--171. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  44. Robert E Stake. 2008. Qualitative case studies. (2008).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  45. Marc Steen. 2015. Upon opening the black box and finding it full: Exploring the ethics in design practices. Science, Technology, & Human Values 40, 3 (2015), 389--420.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  46. Erik Stolterman. 2008. The nature of design practice and implications for interaction design research. International Journal of Design 2, 1 (2008), 55--65.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. Mary E Sunderland, J Ahn, C Carson, and W Kastenberg. 2013. Making Ethics Explicit: Relocating Ethics to the Core of Engineering Education. In American society for engineering education annual conference proceedings, Atlanta, Georgia, June. 23--26.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  48. Austin L Toombs, Shaowen Bardzell, and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2015. The Proper Care and Feeding of Hackerspaces: Care Ethics and Cultures of Making. In CHI '15. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2093--2102. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  49. Aimee van Wynsberghe and Scott Robbins. 2014. Ethicist as designer: a pragmatic approach to ethics in the lab. Sci Eng Ethics 20, 4 (Dec. 2014), 947--961.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  50. Peter-Paul Verbeek. 2006. Materializing Morality: Design Ethics and Technological Mediation. In Science, Technology & Human Values. Vol. 31. 361--380.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  51. Jenny Waycott, Cosmin Munteanu, Hilary Davis, Anja Thieme, Wendy Moncur, Roisin McNaney, John Vines, and Stacy Branham. 2016. Ethical Encounters in Human-Computer Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '16. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 3387--3394. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  52. Robert K Yin. 2009. Case study research: Design and methods (applied social research methods). London and Singapore: Sage (2009).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  53. Xiao Zhang and Ron Wakkary. 2014. Understanding the role of designers' personal experiences in interaction design practice. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems - DIS '14. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 895--904. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Ethical Mediation in UX Practice

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
        May 2019
        9077 pages
        ISBN:9781450359702
        DOI:10.1145/3290605

        Copyright © 2019 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 2 May 2019

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

        Acceptance Rates

        CHI '19 Paper Acceptance Rate703of2,958submissions,24%Overall Acceptance Rate6,199of26,314submissions,24%

        Upcoming Conference

        CHI '24
        CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
        May 11 - 16, 2024
        Honolulu , HI , USA

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      HTML Format

      View this article in HTML Format .

      View HTML Format