Mohamed Haroon Abdul Jabbar
ABSTRACT
During standard hemodialysis (HD), there is tendency for a rise in body temperature, which can possibly cause life-threatening complications. The analysis of thermal energy exchange in a dialyzer can be significant to provide constant body temperature, which can necessitate the development of an effective temperature controller. In this paper, the main aim is to evaluate the heat transfer that takes place in a dialyzer model during HD and a Polyflux 210H dialyzer membrane model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The clearance rate of toxins was computed and validated for various blood flow rates. Then the heat transfer physics was added to investigate the effect of heat transfer taking place in the dialyzer. The clearance rates show significant improvement (<5% error) compared to previous published work (>11.7% error) and a strong agreement with the manufacturer's data. The model exhibited a trend in temperature profile across the dialyzer membrane and the blood temperature has decreased up to 1.15°C using cool dialysate settings. The dialyzer acts as a heat exchanger during HD. Our study reveals the temperature changes taking place in the dialyzer, which necessitates a system to control and regulate the dialysate temperature to compensate for this heat loss.
- Levey, A. S., Atkins, R., Coresh, J., Cohen, E. P., Collins, A. J., Eckardt, K. U., Nahas, M. E., Jaber, B. L., Jadoul, M., Levin, A., Powe, N. R., Rossert, J., Wheeler, D. C., Lameire, N., and Eknoyan, G. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, Kidney Int., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 247--259, 2007.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Saran, R., Wang, A. Y. M., and Yang, C. W. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives, Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9888, pp. 260--272, 2013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- White, S. L., Chadban, S. J., Jan, S., Chapman, J. R., and Cass, A. How can we achieve global equity in provision of renal replacement therapy? Bull. World Health Organ., vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 229--237, 2008.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pergola, P. E., Habiba, N. M., and Johnson, J. M. Body temperature regulation during hemodialysis in long-term patients: Is it time to change dialysate temperature prescription? Am. J. Kidney Dis., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 155--165, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Usvyat, L. A., Raimann, J. G., Carter, M., Van Der Sande, F. M., Kooman, J. P., Kotanko, P., and Levin, N. W. Relation between trends in body temperature and outcome in incident hemodialysis patients, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3255--3263, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Maggiore, Q., Pizzarelli, F., Sisca, S., Zoccali, C., Parlongo, S., Nicolo, F., and Creazzo, G. Blood Temperature and Vascular Stability during Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 523--527, 1982.Google Scholar
- Korkor, A. B., Bretzmann, C. M., and Eastwood, D. Effect of dialysate temperature on intradialytic hypotension, Dial. Transplant., vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 377--385, 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chesterton, L. J., Selby, N. M., Burton, J. O., and McIntyre, C. W. Cool dialysate reduces asymptomatic intradialytic hypotension and increases baroreflex variability, Hemodial. Int., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 189--196, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Van Der Sande, F. M., Wystrychowski, G., Kooman, J. P., Rosales, L., Raimann, J., Kotanko, P., Carter, M., Chan, C. T., Leunissen, K. M. L., and Levin, N. W. Control of core temperature and blood pressure stability during hemodialysis, Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 93--98, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Li, W., Sun, S., Zhao, G., Gao, D., and Ding, W. Simulation of velocity and concentration fields in artificial kidneys, in ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference SBC2013, 2016, pp. 2--3.Google Scholar
- Donato, D., Boschetti-de-Fierro, A., Zweigart, C., Kolb, M., Eloot, S., Storr, M., Krause, B., Leypoldt, K., and Segers, P. Optimization of dialyzer design to maximize solute removal with a two-dimensional transport model, J. Memb. Sci., vol. 541, pp. 519--528, 2017.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fukuda, M., Namekawa, K., and Sakai, K. Identical dependence of dialysate-side mass transfer coefficient on reynolds number using dimensionless correlation based on the mass transfer model in newly developed dialyzers and a downsized dialyzer, Adv. Biomed. Eng., vol. 5, pp. 118--123, 2016.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Islam, M. S. and Szpunar, J. Study of dialyzer membrane ( Polyflux 210H ) and effects of different parameters on dialysis performance, Open J. Nephrol., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 161--167, 2013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Saliba, J., Charara, J., and Hassan, M. H. Nanostructured porous silicon membrane for hemodialysis, in 2nd International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering, 2013, pp. 145--147.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eloot, S., D'Asseler, Y., De Bondt, P., and Verdonck, P. Combining SPECT medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics for analyzing blood and dialysate flow in hemodialyzers., Int. J. Artif. Organs, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 739--749, 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ding, W., Li, W., Sun, S., Zhou, X., Hardy, P. A., Ahmad, S., and Gao, D. Three-dimensional simulation of mass transfer in artificial kidneys, Artif. Organs, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. E79-E89, Jun. 2015.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jabbar, M. H. A., Anandan Shanmugam, S., and Khiew, P. S. Design and implementation of dialysate temperature control system for hemodialysis: a pilot study, in Intelligent Embedded Systems, 2018, pp. 1--10.Google Scholar
- Hedayat, A., Szpunar, J., Kumar, N. A. P. K., Peace, R., Elmoselhi, H., and Shoker, A. Morphological characterization of the Polyflux 210H hemodialysis filter pores, Int. J. Nephrol., vol. 2012, pp. 1--6, 2012.Google Scholar
- Gambro, PolyfluxTM 210H, 2012.Google Scholar
- Hedayat, A. and Shoker, A. Polyflux ® 210H hemodialysis membrane targets to improve filtration, Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transplant., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 156--160, 2014.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Millington, R. J. and Quirk, J. P. Permeability of porous solids, Trans. Faraday Soc., vol. 57, no. 0, pp. 1200--1207, 1961.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Powell, P. and Ingen Housz, A. J. Engineering with Polymers, 2nd Edition. 1998.Google Scholar
- Maryanne, L., Poladian, L., Barton, G., and van Eijkelenborg, M. A. Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres. 2008.Google Scholar
- Hussein, T. A. and Malik, A. S. Effect of dialysate temperature on hemodynamic stability among hemodialysis patients among hemodialysis patients, Iraqi J. Med. Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 173--179, 2014.Google Scholar
- Kim, Y. O., Song, W. J., Yoon, S. A., Shin, M. J., Song, H. C., Kim, Y. S., Kim, S., Chang, Y. S., and Bang, B. K. The effect of increasing blood flow rate on dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients with low Kt/V, Hemodial. Int., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 85, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schneditz, D. Temperature and thermal balance in hemodialysis., Semin. Dial., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 357--64, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- De Capua, C., Fabbiano, L., Morello, R., and Vacca, G. Optimized procedure to evaluate the thermal energy transfer in hemodialysis treatment, Instrum. Sci. Technol., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 458--468, Jul. 2014.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schneditz, D., Ronco, C., and Levin, N. Temperature control by the blood temperature monitor, Semin. Dial., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 477--482, 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Locatelli, F., Buoncristiani, U., Canaud, B., Khler, H., Petitclerc, T., and Zucchelli, P. Haemodialysis with on-line monitoring equipment: Tools or toys? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 22--33, 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Maggiore, Q., Pizzarelli, F., Santoro, A., Panzetta, G., Bonforte, G., Hannedouche, T., De Lara, M. A. A., Tsouras, I., Loureiro, A., Ponce, P., Sulkovà, S., Van Roost, G., Brink, H., and Kwan, J. T. C. The effects of control of thermal balance on vascular stability in hemodialysis patients: Results of the European randomized clinical trial, Am. J. Kidney Dis., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 280--290, 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Investigation on Heat and Mass transfer in a Dialyzer Membrane Model for the Development of Dialysate Temperature Controller
Recommendations
Investigation of turbulent flow and heat transfer in an air to water double-pipe heat exchanger
In this study, turbulent flow and heat transfer in an air to water double-pipe heat exchanger is investigated experimentally. The working fluids are air, flowing in the annular pipe, and water through the inner circular tube. To achieve fully developed ...
Heat and mass transfer in annular liquid jets: III. Combustion within the volume enclosed by the jet
The nonlinear dynamics of and heat and mass transfer processes in annular liquid jets are analyzed by means of a nonlinear system of integrodifferential equations which account for the liquid motion and the gases enclosed by the jet. Both linear and ...
The Study on the Heat Transfer in Oxy-fired CFB
ICMTMA '11: Proceedings of the 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03The influence of gases radiation on heat transfer coefficient was considered, and a model of heat transfer in oxy-fired CFB was set up. The model showed that the heat transfer coefficient was not changed greatly in oxy-fuel combustion, because the heat ...
Comments