research-article

Different is Good: Detecting the Use of Uninitialized Variables through Differential Replay

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Fuwei WangAuthors Info & Claims

CCS '19: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

Pages 1883 - 1897

https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3345654

Published: 06 November 2019 Publication History

Abstract

The use of uninitialized variables is a common issue. It could cause kernel information leak, which defeats the widely deployed security defense, i.e., kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR). Though a recent system called Bochspwn Reloaded reported multiple memory leaks in Windows kernels, how to effectively detect this issue is still largely behind.

In this paper, we propose a new technique, i.e., differential replay, that could effectively detect the use of uninitialized variables. Specifically, it records and replays a program's execution in multiple instances. One instance is with the vanilla memory, the other one changes (or poisons) values of variables allocated from the stack and the heap. Then it compares program states to find references to uninitialized variables. The idea is that if a variable is properly initialized, it will overwrite the poisoned value and program states in two running instances should be the same. After detecting the differences, our system leverages the symbolic taint analysis to further identify the location where the variable was allocated. This helps us to identify the root cause and facilitate the development of real exploits. We have implemented a prototype called TimePlayer. After applying it to both Windows 7 and Windows 10 kernels (x86/x64), it successfully identified 34 new issues and another 85 ones that had been patched (some of them were publicly unknown.) Among 34 new issues, 17 of them have been confirmed as zero-day vulnerabilities by Microsoft.

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Cited By

Yeoh SWang XJang JRavindran BSchiavoni VEdinger JCao JJin Z(2024)sMVX: Multi-Variant Execution on Selected Code PathsProceedings of the 25th International Middleware Conference10.1145/3652892.3654794(62-73)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652892.3654794
Cho MAn DJin HKwon TCalandrino JTroncoso C(2023)BoKASANProceedings of the 32nd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium10.5555/3620237.3620516(4985-5002)Online publication date: 9-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3620237.3620516
Sorniotti AWeissbacher MKurmus A(2023)Go or No Go: Differential Fuzzing of Native and C Libraries2023 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW)10.1109/SPW59333.2023.00036(349-363)Online publication date: May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/SPW59333.2023.00036
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Index Terms

Different is Good: Detecting the Use of Uninitialized Variables through Differential Replay
1. Security and privacy
  1. Systems security
    1. Operating systems security
    2. Vulnerability management

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cover image ACM Conferences

CCS '19: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

November 2019

2755 pages

ISBN:9781450367479

DOI:10.1145/3319535

General Chairs:
Lorenzo Cavallaro
King's College London, UK
,
Johannes Kinder
Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany
,
Program Chairs:
XiaoFeng Wang
Indiana University, USA
,
Jonathan Katz
George Mason University, USA

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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Published: 06 November 2019

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Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
National Natural Science Foundation of China

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CCS '19

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SIGSAC

CCS '19: 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

November 11 - 15, 2019

London, United Kingdom

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CCS '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 149 of 934 submissions, 16%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,261 of 6,999 submissions, 18%

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CCS '25

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ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

October 13 - 17, 2025

Taipei , Taiwan

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652892.3654794
Cho MAn DJin HKwon TCalandrino JTroncoso C(2023)BoKASANProceedings of the 32nd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium10.5555/3620237.3620516(4985-5002)Online publication date: 9-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3620237.3620516
Sorniotti AWeissbacher MKurmus A(2023)Go or No Go: Differential Fuzzing of Native and C Libraries2023 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW)10.1109/SPW59333.2023.00036(349-363)Online publication date: May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/SPW59333.2023.00036
Gupta RDresel LSpahn NVigna GKruegel CKim T(2022)POPKORN: Popping Windows Kernel Drivers At ScaleProceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference10.1145/3564625.3564631(854-868)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2022
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Liu RYu BWang BYe J(2022)Anatomist: Enhanced Firmware Vulnerability Discovery Based on Program State Abnormality Determination with Whole-System ReplayInformation Security10.1007/978-3-031-22390-7_23(390-407)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2022
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