ABSTRACT
Coordination definitions and metrics are reviewed from the motor control, biomedical, and human factors literature. This paper presents an alternative measurement called the M-metric, the product of the simultaneity and efficiency of a trajectory, as a means of quantifying allocation of control within a docking task. A 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) longitudinal virtual docking task experiment was conducted to address how control is allocated across six DOFs, how allocation of control changes with extended practice, and if differences in the allocation of control are input device dependent. The results show that operators, rather than controlling all 6 DOFs equally, allocate their control to the rotational and translational DOFs separately, and switch control between the two groups. With practice, allocation of control within the translational and rotational subsets increases at a faster rate than across all 6 DOFs together.
- 1.Andersen, O. T. A system for quantitative assessment of dyscoordination and tremor, Acta Neurol Scand 73, (1986), 291-294.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 2.Balakrishnan, R., Baudel, T., Kurtenbach, G., and Fitzmaurice, G. The Rockin'Mouse: Integral 3D Manipulation on a Plane, In CHI '97 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Addison Wesley, 1997, pp. 311-318. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3.Balakrishnan, R., and Patel, P. The PadMouse: Facilitating Selection and Spatial Positioning for the Non- Dominant Hand, In Proceedings of CHI '98 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1998, pp. 9- 16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.Behbehani, K., Kondraske, G. V., and Richmond, J. R. Investigation of Upper Extremity Visuomotor Control Performance Measures, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 35, 7 (1988), 518-525.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 5.Bernstein, N. A. The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements, (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967).Google Scholar
- 6.Ellson, D. C. The independence of tracking in two and three dimensions with the B-29 pedastal sight., TSEAA- 694-2G. Aero Medical Laboratory, 1947.Google Scholar
- 7.Garner, W. The Processing of information and Structure, (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974).Google Scholar
- 8.Hocherman, S., and Aharon-Peretz, J. Two dimensional tracing and tracking patients with Parkinson's disease, Neurology 44, (1994), 111-116.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 9.Imai, S., and Garner, W. R. Discriminalibility and preference for attributes in free and constrained classification, Journal of Experimental Psychology 69, 6 (I 965), 596-608.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 10.Jacob, R. J. K., Sibert, L. E., McFarlane, D. C., and M. Preston Mullen, J. Integrality and Separability of Input Devices, A CM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction I, 1 (1994), 3-26. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Kondraske, G. V., Potvin, A. R., Tourtellotte, W. W., and Syndulko, K. A computer-based system for automated quantitation of neurologic function, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 31, (1984), 401-414.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 12.Meyer, D. E., Smith, J. E. K., Kornblum, S., Abrams, R. A., and Wright, C. E. Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Aimed Movements: Toward a Theory of Rapid Voluntary Action, Attention and Performance XIII, ed. M. Jeannerod. ((Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ! 990) 173-226.Google Scholar
- 13.Morrison, S., and Newell, K. M. Interlimb Coordination as a Function of Isometric Force Output, Journal of Motor Behavior 30, 4 (1998), 323-342.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 14.Oldfield, R. C. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory., Neuropsychologia 9, (1971), 97-113.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 15.Poulton, E. C. Tracking Skill and Manual Control, (New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1974).Google Scholar
- 16.Turvey, M. T. Coordination, American Psychologist 45, 8 (1990), 938-953.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 17.Vereijken, B., Whiting, H. T. A., Newell, K. M., and Emmerik, R. E. A. v. Free(z)ing Degrees of Freedom in Skill Acquisition, Journal of Motor Behavior 24, 1 (1992), 133-142.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 18.Watson, R. W., Jones, R. D., and Sharman, N. B. Two dimensional tracking tasks for quantification of sensorymotor dysfunction and their application to Parkinson's disease, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 35, (1997), 141-145.Google Scholar
- 19.Yu, X., Lau, E., Vicente, K. J., and Carter, M. W. Advancing Performance Measurement in Cognitive Engineering: The Abstraction Hierarchy as a Framework for Dynamical Systems Analysis, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting. HFES, 1, 1998, pp. 359-363.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 20.Zhai, S. Human Performance in Six Degree of Freedom Input Control, Ph.D. University of Toronto, 1995.Google Scholar
- 21.Zhai, S., and Milgram, P. Quantifying Coordination in Multiple DOF Movement and Its Application to Evaluating 6 DOF Input Devices, In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI '98. ACM, 1998, pp. 320-327. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 22.Zhai, S., Milgram, P., and Buxton, W. The influence of Muscle Groups on Performance of Multiple Degree-of- Freedom Input, In Proceedings of CHI96: A CM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1996, pp. 308-315. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 23.Zhai, S., and Senders, J. W. Investigating coordination in multidegree of freedom control II: time-on-target analysis of 6 DOF tracking, In 41st Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 2, 1997, pp. 1254-1258.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Measuring the allocation of control in a 6 degree-of-freedom docking experiment
Recommendations
Design and control of a 6-degree-of-freedom precision positioning system
This paper presents the design and test of a 6-degree-of-freedom(DOF) precision positioning system, which is assembled by two different 3-DOF precision positioning stages each driven by three piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). Based on the precision PEAs ...
Six degree-of-freedom haptic rendering for biomolecular docking
Transactions on computational science XIIHaptic device enable the user to manipulate the molecules and feel interactions during the docking process in virtual environment on the computer. Implementation of force-torque feedback allows the user to have more realistic experience during force ...
Six-degree-of-freedom magnetic actuation for wireless microrobotics
Existing remotely actuated magnetic microrobots exhibit a maximum of only five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) actuation, as creation of a driving torque about the microrobot magnetization axis is not achievable. This lack of full orientation control limits the ...
Comments