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Towards detecting and mitigating smartphone habits

Published: 09 September 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Smartphones have the potential to produce new habits, i.e., habitual phone usage sessions consistently associated with explicit contextual cues. Despite there is evidence that habitual smartphone use is perceived as meaningless and addictive, little is known about what such habits are, how they can be detected, and how their disruptive effect can be mitigated. In this paper, we propose a data analytic methodology based on association rule mining to automatically discover smartphone habits from smartphone usage data. By assessing the methodology with more than 130,000 smartphone sessions collected in-the-wild, we show evidence that smartphone use can be characterized by different types of complex habits, which are highly diversified across users and involve multiple apps. To promote discussion and present our future work, we introduce a mobile app that exploits the proposed methodology to assist users in monitoring and changing their smartphone habits through implementation intentions, i.e., "if-then" plans where if's are contextual cues and then's are goal-related behaviors.

References

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Rakesh Agrawal, Tomasz Imieliński, and Arun Swami. 1993. Mining Association Rules Between Sets of Items in Large Databases. In Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD '93). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 207--216.
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Rakesh Agrawal and Ramakrishnan Srikant. 1994. Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB '94). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 487--499.
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Morgan G. Ames. 2013. Managing Mobile Multitasking: The Culture of iPhones on Stanford Campus. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1487--1498.
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Minsam Ko, Subin Yang, Joonwon Lee, Christian Heizmann, Jinyoung Jeong, Uichin Lee, Daehee Shin, Koji Yatani, Junehwa Song, and Kyong-Mee Chung. 2015. NUGU: A Group-based Intervention App for Improving Self-Regulation of Limiting Smartphone Use. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1235--1245.
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Phillippa Lally and Benjamin Gardner. 2013. Promoting habit formation. Health Psychology Review 7, sup1 (2013), S137--S158.
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Klodiana Lanaj, Russell E. Johnson, and Christopher M. Barnes. 2014. Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 124, 1 (2014), 11 -- 23.
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Simone Lanette, Phoebe K. Chua, Gillian Hayes, and Melissa Mazmanian. 2018. How Much is 'Too Much'?: The Role of a Smartphone Addiction Narrative in Individuals' Experience of Use. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2, CSCW, Article 101 (Nov. 2018), 22 pages.
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Yu-Kang Lee, Chun-Tuan Chang, You Lin, and Zhao-Hong Cheng. 2014. The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014), 373 -- 383.
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Kai Lukoff, Cissy Yu, Julie Kientz, and Alexis Hiniker. 2018. What Makes Smartphone Use Meaningful or Meaningless? Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2, 1, Article 22 (March 2018), 26 pages.
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Alberto Monge Roffarello and Luigi De Russis. 2019. The Race Towards Digital Wellbeing: Issues and Opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 386, 14 pages.
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Cited By

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  • (2023)Forecasting Smartphone Application Chains: an App-Rank Based ApproachProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3626705.3627802(87-98)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Achieving Digital Wellbeing Through Digital Self-control Tools: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/357181030:4(1-66)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2023
  • (2022)Raising Awareness of Smartphone Overuse among University Students: A Persuasive Systems ApproachInformatics10.3390/informatics90100159:1(15)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2022
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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
UbiComp/ISWC '19 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers
September 2019
1234 pages
ISBN:9781450368698
DOI:10.1145/3341162
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Publication History

Published: 09 September 2019

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Author Tags

  1. association rules
  2. digital wellbeing
  3. habits
  4. implementation intentions
  5. smartphone addiction

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UbiComp '19

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Overall Acceptance Rate 764 of 2,912 submissions, 26%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Forecasting Smartphone Application Chains: an App-Rank Based ApproachProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3626705.3627802(87-98)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Achieving Digital Wellbeing Through Digital Self-control Tools: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/357181030:4(1-66)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2023
  • (2022)Raising Awareness of Smartphone Overuse among University Students: A Persuasive Systems ApproachInformatics10.3390/informatics90100159:1(15)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2022
  • (2022)MindPhone: Mindful Reflection at Unlock Can Reduce Absentminded Smartphone UseProceedings of the 2022 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3532106.3533575(1818-1830)Online publication date: 13-Jun-2022
  • (2022)Exploring Attitudes Towards Increasing User Awareness of Reality From Within Virtual RealityProceedings of the 2022 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences10.1145/3505284.3529971(151-160)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2022
  • (2022)Understanding and Streamlining App Switching Experiences in Mobile InteractionInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102735158:COnline publication date: 3-Jan-2022
  • (2021)Planning Habit: Daily Planning Prompts with AlexaPersuasive Technology10.1007/978-3-030-79460-6_7(73-87)Online publication date: 12-Apr-2021

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