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How Should Automated Vehicles Interact with Pedestrians?: A Comparative Analysis of Interaction Concepts in Virtual Reality

Published: 21 September 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Automated vehicles (AVs) introduce a new challenge to human-computer interaction (HCI): pedestrians are no longer able to communicate with human drivers. Hence, new HCI designs need to fill this gap. This work presents the implementation and comparison of different interaction concepts in virtual reality (VR). They were derived after an analysis of 28 works from research and industry, which were classified into five groups according to their complexity and the type of communication. We implemented one concept per group for a within-subject experiment in VR. For each concept, we varied if the AV is going to stop and how early it starts to activate its display. We observed effects on safety, trust, and user experience. A good concept displays information on the street, uses unambiguous signals (e.g., green lights) and has high visibility. Additional feedback, such as continuously showing the recognized pedestrian's location, seem to be unnecessary and may irritate.

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cover image ACM Conferences
AutomotiveUI '19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
September 2019
402 pages
ISBN:9781450368841
DOI:10.1145/3342197
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Published: 21 September 2019

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Author Tags

  1. acceptance
  2. automated vehicles (AV)
  3. external human-machine interface (eHMI)
  4. trust
  5. user experience
  6. vehicle-pedestrian communication
  7. virtual reality (VR)
  8. vulnerable road user (VRU)

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  • Bundesministerium für Verkehr und Digitale Infrastruktur

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AutomotiveUI '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 34 of 119 submissions, 29%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 248 of 566 submissions, 44%

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  • (2025)On face value: a ghost driver field study investigating interactions between pedestrians and a driverless vehicle with anthropomorphic displaysErgonomics10.1080/00140139.2025.2454927(1-19)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2025
  • (2025)Crossing the line: Impact of pedestrian group behavior on individual crossing decisions in AV interactionsTransportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.020109(921-937)Online publication date: Feb-2025
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