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The Case for Implicit External Human-Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicles

Published: 21 September 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles' (AVs) interactions with pedestrians remain an ongoing uncertainty. Several studies have claimed the need for explicit external human-machine interfaces (eHMI) such as lights or displays to replace the lack of eye contact with and explicit gestures from drivers, however this need is not thoroughly understood. We review literature on explicit and implicit eHMI, and discuss results from a field study with a Wizard-of-Oz driverless vehicle that tested pedestrians' reactions in everyday traffic without explicit eHMI. While some pedestrians were surprised by the vehicle, others did not notice its autonomous nature, and all crossed in front without explicit signaling, suggesting that pedestrians may not need explicit eHMI in routine interactions---the car's implicit eHMI (its motion) may suffice.

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cover image ACM Conferences
AutomotiveUI '19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
September 2019
402 pages
ISBN:9781450368841
DOI:10.1145/3342197
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 21 September 2019

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Author Tags

  1. Autonomous vehicles
  2. Driverless cars
  3. External human-machine interfaces
  4. Ghostdriver
  5. Implicit interaction
  6. Pedestrian interaction
  7. Wizard-of-Oz

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