skip to main content
10.1145/3356401.3356410acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesrtnsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

Precise scheduling of mixed-criticality tasks by varying processor speed

Published: 06 November 2019 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper, we extend the imprecise mixed-criticality (IMC) model to precise scheduling of tasks. We also integrate the IMC model with the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique to enable energy minimization. The challenge in precise scheduling of MC systems is to guarantee the timing correctness all tasks under both pessimistic and optimistic assumptions simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first work to address the integration of DVFS energy-conserving techniques with precise scheduling of all tasks of the MC model. We present utilization based schedulability tests and sufficient conditions for such systems under two well-known MC frameworks, EDF-VD and MCF. A quantitative study in the forms of speedup bound and approximation ratio are derived for the unified model. Empirical studies based on randomly generated sets are conducted to verify the theoretical results as well as the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

References

[1]
Sanjoy Baruah and Kunal Agarwal. 2018. Intractability issues in mixed-criticality scheduling. In Proceedings of the 30th EuroMicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), IEEE. IEEE.
[2]
Sanjoy Baruah, Vincenzo Bonifaci, Gianlorenzo DAngelo, Haohan Li, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Suzanne Van Der Ster, and Leen Stougie. 2012. The preemptive uniprocessor scheduling of mixed-criticality implicit-deadline sporadic task systems. In Proceedings of the 24th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), IEEE. IEEE, 145--154.
[3]
Sanjoy Baruah, Vincenzo Bonifaci, Gianlorenzo D'angelo, Haohan Li, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Suzanne Van Der Ster, and Leen Stougie. 2015. Preemptive uniprocessor scheduling of mixed-criticality sporadic task systems. Journal of the ACM (JACM) 62, 2 (2015), 14.
[4]
Sanjoy Baruah, Alan Burns, and Zhishan Guo. 2016. Scheduling mixed-criticality systems to guarantee some service under all non-erroneous behaviors. In Proceedings of the 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), IEEE. IEEE, 131--138.
[5]
Sanjoy Baruah, Alan Burns, and Zhishan Guo. 2016. Scheduling mixed-criticality systems to guarantee some service under all non-erroneous behaviors. In 2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS). IEEE, 131--138.
[6]
Sanjoy Baruah, Arvind Easwaran, and Zhishan Guo. 2015. MC-Fluid: simplified and optimally quantified. In 2015 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium. IEEE, 327--337.
[7]
Sanjoy Baruah and Zhishan Guo. 2013. Mixed-criticality scheduling upon varying-speed processors. In 2013 IEEE 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium. IEEE, 68--77.
[8]
Sanjoy Baruah and Zhishan Guo. 2014. Scheduling mixed-criticality implicit-deadline sporadic task systems upon a varying-speed processor. In Proceedings of the 35th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), IEEE. IEEE, 31--40.
[9]
Sanjoy K Baruah, Vincenzo Bonifaci, Gianlorenzo D-Angelo, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Suzanne Van Der Ster, and Leen Stougie. 2011. Mixed-criticality scheduling of sporadic task systems. In European Symposium on Algorithms. Springer, 555--566.
[10]
Ashikahmed Bhuiyan, Zhishan Guo, Abusayeed Saifullah, Nan Guan, and Haoyi Xiong. 2018. Energy-efficient real-time scheduling of DAG tasks. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 17, 5 (2018), 84.
[11]
Alan Burns and Sanjoy Baruah. 2013. Towards a more practical model for mixed criticality systems. In Workshop on Mixed-Criticality Systems (colocated with RTSS).
[12]
Alan Burns and Robert I Davis. 2017. A survey of research into mixed criticality systems. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 6 (2017), 82.
[13]
Arvind Easwaran. 2013. Demand-based scheduling of mixed-criticality sporadic tasks on one processor. In Proceedings of the 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), IEEE. IEEE, 78--87.
[14]
Pontus Ekberg and Wang Yi. 2014. Bounding and shaping the demand of generalized mixed-criticality sporadic task systems. Real-time systems 50, 1 (2014), 48--86.
[15]
Rolf Ernst and Marco Di Natale. 2016. Mixed Criticality Systems - A History of Misconceptions? IEEE Design & Test 33, 5 (2016), 65--74.
[16]
Alexandre Esper, Geoffrey Nelissen, Vincent Nélis, and Eduardo Tovar. 2015. How realistic is the mixed-criticality real-time system model?. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Real Time and Networks Systems. ACM, 139--148.
[17]
Oliver Gettings, Sophie Quinton, and Robert I Davis. 2015. Mixed criticality systems with weakly-hard constraints. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Real Time and Networks Systems. ACM, 237--246.
[18]
Nan Guan, Pontus Ekberg, Martin Stigge, and Wang Yi. 2013. Improving the scheduling of certifiable mixed-criticality sporadic task systems. Technical Report 2013--008 (2013).
[19]
Zhishan Guo and SanjoyBaruah. 2015. The concurrent consideration of uncertainty in WCETs and processor speeds in mixed-criticality systems. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Real Time and Networks Systems. ACM, 247--256.
[20]
Zhishan Guo, Ashikahmed Bhuiyan, Di Liu, Aamir Khan, Abusayeed Saifullah, and Nan Guan. 2019. Energy-Efficient Real-Time Scheduling of DAGs on Clustered Multi-Core Platforms. In 2019 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, 156--168.
[21]
Zhishan Guo, Ashikahmed Bhuiyan, Abusayeed Saifullah, Nan Guan, and Haoyi Xiong. 2017. Energy-efficient multi-core scheduling for real-time DAG tasks. (2017).
[22]
Zhishan Guo, Kecheng Yang, Sudharsan Vaidhun, Samsil Arefin, Sajal K Das, and Haoyi Xiong. 2018. Uniprocessor Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Graceful Degradation by Completion Rate. In 2018 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 373--383.
[23]
Pengcheng Huang, Pratyush Kumar, Georgia Giannopoulou, and Lothar Thiele. 2014. Energy efficient dvfs scheduling for mixed-criticality systems. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Embedded Software, ACM. ACM, 11.
[24]
Pengcheng Huang, Pratyush Kumar, Georgia Giannopoulou, and Lothar Thiele. 2015. Run and be safe: Mixed-criticality scheduling with temporary processor speedup. In Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015. IEEE, 1329--1334.
[25]
Mathieu Jan, Lilia Zaourar, and Maurice Pitel. 2013. Maximizing the execution rate of low criticality tasks in mixed criticality system. Proc. WMC, RTSS (2013), 43--48.
[26]
Jaewoo Lee, Kieu-My Phan, Xiaozhe Gu, Jiyeon Lee, Arvind Easwaran, Insik Shin, and Insup Lee. 2014. Mc-fluid: Fluid model-based mixed-criticality scheduling on multiprocessors. In 2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium. IEEE, 41--52.
[27]
Chung Laung Liu and James W Layland. 1973. Scheduling algorithms for multi-programming in a hard-real-time environment. Journal of the ACM (JACM) 20, 1 (1973), 46--61.
[28]
Di Liu, Jelena Spasic, Nan Guan, Gang Chen, Songran Liu, Todor Stefanov, and Wang Yi. 2016. EDF-VD scheduling of mixed-criticality systems with degraded quality guarantees. In Proceedings of the 37th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), 2016 IEEE. IEEE, 35--46.
[29]
Sujay Narayana, Pengcheng Huang, Georgia Giannopoulou, Lothar Thiele, and R Venkatesha Prasad. 2016. Exploring energy saving for mixed-criticality systems on multi-cores. In Proceedings of the 22nd Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), IEEE. IEEE, 1--12.
[30]
Risat Mahmud Pathan. 2017. Improving the Quality-of-Service for Scheduling Mixed-Criticality Systems on Multiprocessors. In LIPIcs-Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, Vol. 76. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik.
[31]
Saad Zia Sheikh and Muhammad Adeel Pasha. 2018. Energy-Efficient Multi-core Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems: A Survey. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 17, 6 (2018), 94.
[32]
Hang Su and Dakai Zhu. 2013. An elastic mixed-criticality task model and its scheduling algorithm. In Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe. EDA Consortium, 147--152.
[33]
S. Vestal. 2007. Preemptive scheduling of multi-criticality systems with varying degrees of execution time assurance. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS).

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)The Safe and Effective Use of Optimistic Period PredictionsProceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3696355.3696356(197-206)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Criticality-Aware EDF Scheduling for Constrained-Deadline Imprecise Mixed-Criticality SystemsIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2023.331851243:2(480-491)Online publication date: Feb-2024
  • (2024)Energy-Efficient Safety-Aware Scheduling of Real-Time Control Systems with Burst Tasks2024 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)10.1109/INDIN58382.2024.10774413(1-6)Online publication date: 18-Aug-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Precise scheduling of mixed-criticality tasks by varying processor speed

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    RTNS '19: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems
    November 2019
    221 pages
    ISBN:9781450372237
    DOI:10.1145/3356401
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 06 November 2019

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. approximation ratio
    2. mixed-criticality
    3. precise scheduling
    4. speedup bound
    5. varying-speed platform

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    Conference

    RTNS 2019

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 119 of 255 submissions, 47%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)112
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)26
    Reflects downloads up to 07 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)The Safe and Effective Use of Optimistic Period PredictionsProceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3696355.3696356(197-206)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2024
    • (2024)Criticality-Aware EDF Scheduling for Constrained-Deadline Imprecise Mixed-Criticality SystemsIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2023.331851243:2(480-491)Online publication date: Feb-2024
    • (2024)Energy-Efficient Safety-Aware Scheduling of Real-Time Control Systems with Burst Tasks2024 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)10.1109/INDIN58382.2024.10774413(1-6)Online publication date: 18-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Component-Based Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Scheduling on a Single Processor SystemIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.345416412(123208-123223)Online publication date: 2024
    • (2024)Mixed Criticality Reward-Based Systems Using Resource ReservationIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.338423212(49134-49150)Online publication date: 2024
    • (2024)From instantaneous schedulability to worst case schedulability: a significant moment approachCyber-Physical Systems10.1080/23335777.2024.2426245(1-33)Online publication date: 25-Nov-2024
    • (2024)Energy-aware reliability guarantee scheduling with semi-clairvoyant in mixed-criticality systemsJournal of Systems Architecture10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103269156(103269)Online publication date: Nov-2024
    • (2024)Energy-aware fault-tolerant scheduling for imprecise mixed-criticality systems with semi-clairvoyanceJournal of Systems Architecture10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103141151(103141)Online publication date: Jun-2024
    • (2024)Human factors and emerging needs in aerospace manufacturing planning and schedulingCognition, Technology & Work10.1007/s10111-024-00785-3Online publication date: 23-Nov-2024
    • (2023)Energy-Aware Adaptive Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Semi-Clairvoyance and Graceful DegradationACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/363274923:1(1-20)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Login options

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media