research-article

End-to-End Timing Analysis of Sporadic Cause-Effect Chains in Distributed Systems

Authors:

Georg Von Der Brüggen,

Kuan-Hsun Chen,

Jian-Jia ChenAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), Volume 18, Issue 5s

Article No.: 58, Pages 1 - 24

https://doi.org/10.1145/3358181

Published: 07 October 2019 Publication History

Abstract

A cause-effect chain is used to define the logical order of data dependent tasks, which is independent from the execution order of the jobs of the (periodic/sporadic) tasks. Analyzing the worst-case End-to-End timing behavior, associated to a cause-effect chain, is an important problem in embedded control systems. For example, the detailed timing properties of modern automotive systems are specified in the AUTOSAR Timing Extensions.

In this paper, we present a formal End-to-End timing analysis for distributed systems. We consider the two most important End-to-End timing semantics, i.e., the button-to-action delay (termed as the maximum reaction time) and the worst-case data freshness (termed as the maximum data age). Our contribution is significant due to the consideration of the sporadic behavior of job activations, whilst the results in the literature have been mostly limited to periodic activations. The proof strategy shows the (previously unexplored) connection between the reaction time (data age, respectively) and immediate forward (backward, respectively) job chains. Our analytical results dominate the state of the art for sporadic task activations in distributed systems and the evaluations show a clear improvement for synthesized task systems as well as for a real world automotive benchmark setting.

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Cited By

Shi TXu QWang JXu CWu KLu KQiao C(2025)Enhancing the Safety of Autonomous Driving Systems via AoI-Optimized Task SchedulingIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2024.348819474:3(3804-3819)Online publication date: Mar-2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3488194
Kobayashi TOkamura RAzumi T(2025)Response Time Analysis With Cause-Effect Chain Considering DAG Structure and High-Load TasksIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2025.353601313(21557-21568)Online publication date: 2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3536013
Tziampazis SHirmer PWeyrich M(2024)A hybrid framework for latency compensation in remote testing of automotive electronic control unitsFrontiers in the Internet of Things10.3389/friot.2024.14339033Online publication date: 18-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/friot.2024.1433903
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Index Terms

End-to-End Timing Analysis of Sporadic Cause-Effect Chains in Distributed Systems
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Real-time systems

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems Volume 18, Issue 5s

Special Issue ESWEEK 2019, CASES 2019, CODES+ISSS 2019 and EMSOFT 2019

October 2019

1423 pages

ISSN:1539-9087

EISSN:1558-3465

DOI:10.1145/3365919

Editor:
Sandeep K. Shukla
Indian Institute of Technology, India

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2019 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International 4.0 License.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 07 October 2019

Accepted: 01 July 2019

Revised: 01 June 2019

Received: 01 April 2019

Published in TECS Volume 18, Issue 5s

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Cited By

Shi TXu QWang JXu CWu KLu KQiao C(2025)Enhancing the Safety of Autonomous Driving Systems via AoI-Optimized Task SchedulingIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2024.348819474:3(3804-3819)Online publication date: Mar-2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3488194
Kobayashi TOkamura RAzumi T(2025)Response Time Analysis With Cause-Effect Chain Considering DAG Structure and High-Load TasksIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2025.353601313(21557-21568)Online publication date: 2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3536013
Tziampazis SHirmer PWeyrich M(2024)A hybrid framework for latency compensation in remote testing of automotive electronic control unitsFrontiers in the Internet of Things10.3389/friot.2024.14339033Online publication date: 18-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/friot.2024.1433903
Günzel MTeper HBrüggen GChen J(2024)End-To-End Latency of Cause-Effect Chains: A TutorialACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/370363024:1(1-18)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3703630
Naghavi ANavet N(2024)Total Execution Order in Fault-Tolerant Real-Time SystemsProceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3696355.3699704(12-24)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3696355.3699704
Zhou QCai SLi JGao YQu ZJin T(2024)Deadline and Period Assignment for Guaranteeing Timely Response of the Cyber-Physical SystemACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems10.1145/368904830:1(1-26)Online publication date: 24-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3689048
Wang SLi DHuang SDeng XSifat AHuang JJung CWilliams RZeng H(2024)Time-Triggered Scheduling for Nonpreemptive Real-Time DAG Tasks Using 1-Opt Local SearchIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2024.344298543:11(3650-3661)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TCAD.2024.3442985
Li XMa YChen YSun JChang WGuan NChen LDeng Q(2024)Priority Optimization for Autonomous Driving Systems to Meet End-to-End Latency Constraints2024 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)10.1109/RTSS62706.2024.00041(402-414)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS62706.2024.00041
Teper HBetz TGünzel MEbner DVon Der Brüggen GBetz JChen J(2024)End-To-End Timing Analysis and Optimization of Multi-Executor ROS 2 Systems2024 IEEE 30th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS61025.2024.00025(212-224)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS61025.2024.00025
Wang SLi DSifat AHuang SDeng XJung CWilliams RZeng H(2024)Optimizing Logical Execution Time Model for Both Determinism and Low Latency2024 IEEE 30th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS61025.2024.00019(135-148)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
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