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End-to-end Learned, Optically Coded Super-resolution SPAD Camera

Published: 17 March 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Single Photon Avalanche Photodiodes (SPADs) have recently received a lot of attention in imaging and vision applications due to their excellent performance in low-light conditions, as well as their ultra-high temporal resolution. Unfortunately, like many evolving sensor technologies, image sensors built around SPAD technology currently suffer from a low pixel count.
In this work, we investigate a simple, low-cost, and compact optical coding camera design that supports high-resolution image reconstructions from raw measurements with low pixel counts. We demonstrate this approach for regular intensity imaging, depth imaging, as well transient imaging.
Our method uses an end-to-end framework to simultaneously optimize the optical design and a reconstruction network for obtaining super-resolved images from raw measurements. The optical design space is that of an engineered point spread function (implemented with diffractive optics), which can be considered an optimized anti-aliasing filter to preserve as much high-resolution information as possible despite imaging with a low pixel count, low fill-factor SPAD array. We further investigate a deep network for reconstruction. The effectiveness of this joint design and reconstruction approach is demonstrated for a range of different applications, including high-speed imaging, and time of flight depth imaging, as well as transient imaging. While our work specifically focuses on low-resolution SPAD sensors, similar approaches should prove effective for other emerging image sensor technologies with low pixel counts and low fill-factors.

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cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 39, Issue 2
April 2020
136 pages
ISSN:0730-0301
EISSN:1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/3381407
Issue’s Table of Contents
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Publication History

Published: 17 March 2020
Accepted: 01 November 2019
Revised: 01 September 2019
Received: 01 November 2018
Published in TOG Volume 39, Issue 2

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  1. SPAD
  2. depth/transient imaging
  3. diffractive optics
  4. super-resolution

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