skip to main content
10.1145/3379156.3391349acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesetraConference Proceedingsconference-collections
short-paper

A Comparison of a Transition-based and a Sequence-based Analysis of AOI Transition Sequences

Published: 02 June 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Several visual analytics (VA) systems are used for analyzing eye-tracking data because they synergize human-in-the-loop exploration with speed and accuracy of the computer. In the VA systems, the choices of visualization techniques could afford discovering certain types of insights while hindering others. Understanding these affordances and hindrances is essential to design effective VA systems. In this paper, we focus on two approaches for visualizing AOI transitions: the transition-based approach (exemplified by the radial transition graph, RTG) and the sequence-based approach (exemplified by the Alpscarf). We captured the insights generated by two analysts who individually use each visualization technique on the same dataset. Based on the results, we identify four phases of analytic activities and discuss opportunities that the two visualization approaches can complement each other. We point out design implications for VA systems that combine these visualization approaches.

References

[1]
Jay Ayres, Jason Flannick, Johannes Gehrke, and Tomi Yiu. 2002. Sequential pattern mining using a bitmap representation. In Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 429–435.
[2]
Tanja Blascheck, Markus John, Kuno Kurzhals, Steffen Koch, and Thomas Ertl. 2016a. VA2: A Visual Analytics Approach for Evaluating Visual Analytics Applications. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, 1(2016), 61–70.
[3]
Tanja Blascheck, Kuno Kurzhals, Michael Raschke, Stefan Strohmaier, Daniel Weiskopf, and Thomas Ertl. 2016b. AOI hierarchies for visual exploration of fixation sequences. In Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. 111–118.
[4]
Tanja Blascheck, Markus Schweizer, Fabian Beck, and Thomas Ertl. 2017. Visual Comparison of Eye Movement Patterns. Computer Graphics Forum 36, 3 (2017), 87–97.
[5]
Tanja Blascheck and Bonita Sharif. 2019. Visually Analyzing Eye Movements on Natural Language Texts and Source Code Snippets. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319917
[6]
Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, and Simon Harper. 2016. Eye tracking scanpath analysis techniques on web pages: A survey, evaluation and comparison. Journal of Eye Movement Research 9, 1 (2016), 1–19.
[7]
Joseph Goldberg, Mark Stimson, Marion Lewenstein, Neil Scott, and Anna Wichansky. 2002. Eye tracking in web search tasks: design implications. In Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. ACM, 51–58.
[8]
Joseph H Goldberg and Jonathan I Helfman. 2010. Scanpath clustering and aggregation. In Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-tracking Research & Applications. ACM, 227–234.
[9]
Kenneth Holmqvist, Marcus Nyström, Richard Andersson, Richard Dewhurst, Halszka Jarodzka, and Joost Van de Weijer. 2011. Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures (1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
[10]
Jukka Hyönä, Robert F Lorch Jr, and Johanna K Kaakinen. 2002. Individual differences in reading to summarize expository text: Evidence from eye fixation patterns. Journal of Educational Psychology 94, 1 (2002), 44.
[11]
Kuno Kurzhals, Michael Burch, Tanja Blascheck, Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2017. A Task-Based View on the Visual Analysis of Eye Tracking Data. In Eye Tracking and Visualization, Michael Burch, Lewis Chuang, Brian Fisher, Albrecht Schmidt, and Daniel Weiskopf (Eds.). Springer, 3–22.
[12]
Rudolf Netzel, Bettina Ohlhausen, Kuno Kurzhals, Robin Woods, Michael Burch, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2017. User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: An eye tracking study. Spatial Cognition & Computation 17, 1-2 (2017), 39–64.
[13]
Gary M Olson, James D Herbsleb, and Henry H Reuter. 1994. Characterizing the sequential structure of interactive behaviors through statistical and grammatical techniques. Human–Computer Interaction 9, 3-4 (1994), 427–472.
[14]
Daniel Richardson and Rick Dale. 2005. Looking To Understand: The Coupling Between Speakers’ and Listeners’ Eye Movements and Its Relationship to Discourse Comprehension. Cognitive Science 29, 6 (2005), 1045–1060.
[15]
Julia M West, Anne R Haake, Evelyn P Rozanski, and Keith S Karn. 2006. eyePatterns: software for identifying patterns and similarities across fixation sequences. In Proceedings of the 2006 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. ACM, 149–154.
[16]
Michael MA Wu and Tamara Munzner. 2015. SEQIT: visualizing sequences of interest in eye tracking data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, 1(2015), 449–458.
[17]
Chia-Kai Yang and Chat Wacharamanotham. 2018. Alpscarf: Augmenting Scarf Plots for Exploring Temporal Gaze Patterns. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM.
[18]
Sybil Yang. 2012. Eye movements on restaurant menus: A revisitation on gaze motion and consumer scanpaths. International Journal of Hospitality Management 31, 3(2012), 1021–1029.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Transparent Practices for Quantitative Empirical ResearchExtended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544549.3574168(1-5)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
  • (2022)Eye-tracking analysis of source code reading on a line-by-line basisProceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Eye Movements in Programming10.1145/3524488.3527364(1-7)Online publication date: 19-May-2022
  • (2022)Transparent Practices for Quantitative Empirical ResearchExtended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491101.3503760(1-5)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2022

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ETRA '20 Short Papers: ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
June 2020
305 pages
ISBN:9781450371346
DOI:10.1145/3379156
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 June 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. AOI
  2. Eye tracking
  3. pattern detection
  4. visual analysis
  5. visualization

Qualifiers

  • Short-paper
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Conference

ETRA '20

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

Upcoming Conference

ETRA '25

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)26
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Transparent Practices for Quantitative Empirical ResearchExtended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544549.3574168(1-5)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
  • (2022)Eye-tracking analysis of source code reading on a line-by-line basisProceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Eye Movements in Programming10.1145/3524488.3527364(1-7)Online publication date: 19-May-2022
  • (2022)Transparent Practices for Quantitative Empirical ResearchExtended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491101.3503760(1-5)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2022

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media