Binbin Xie
ABSTRACT
Wireless sensing has become a hot research topic recently, enabling a large range of applications. However, due to the intrinsic nature of employing weak target-reflection signal for sensing, the sensing range is limited. Another issue is the strong interference from surroundings and therefore a lot of wireless sensing systems assume there is no interferer in the environment. One recent work explored the possibility of employing LoRa signal for long range sensing which is a favorable step in addressing the first issue. However, the interference issue becomes even more severe with LoRa due to its larger sensing range. In this paper, we propose Sen-fence - a LoRa-based sensing system - to significantly increase the sensing range and at the same time mitigate the interference. With careful signal processing, Sen-fence is able to maximize the movement-induced signal variation in software to increase the sensing range. To address the interference issue, we propose the concept of "virtual fence" to constrain sensing only within the area of interest. The location and size of virtual fence can be flexibly controlled in software to meet the requirements of different applications. Sen-fence is able to (i) achieve a 50 m sensing range for fine-grained human respiration, which is twice the state-of-the-art; and (ii) efficiently mitigate the interference to make LoRa sensing work in practice.
- Deebot 710 robot. https://www.ecovacs.com/global/deebot-robotic-vacuum-cleaner/deebot-710.Google Scholar
- Hexoskin smart garments. https://www.hexoskin.com/.Google Scholar
- Labview. https://www.ettus.com/sdr-software/labview/.Google Scholar
- Lora shield. https://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/102-lora-shield.html.Google Scholar
- Trigonometric function. https://www.slideshare.net/sivapalanisamy75/trigonometry-functions.Google Scholar
- Usrp x310. https://www.ettus.com/all-products/x310-kit/.Google Scholar
- F. Adib, Z. Kabelac, and D. Katabi. Multi-person localization via rf body reflections. In SENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (USENIX NSDI), pages 279--292, 2015.Google Scholar
- F. Adib, H. Mao, Z. Kabelac, D. Katabi, and R. C. Miller. Smart homes that monitor breathing and heart rate. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pages 837--846. ACM, 2015.Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Chen, J. Xiong, X. Chen, S. I. Lee, K. Chen, D. Han, D. Fang, Z. Tang, and Z. Wang. Widesee: towards wide-area contactless wireless sensing. In Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 258--270. ACM, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Dhekne, M. Gowda, Y. Zhao, H. Hassanieh, and R. R. Choudhury. Liquid: A wireless liquid identifier. In International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), pages 442--454. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Fan, L. Shangguan, R. Howard, Y. Zhang, Y. Peng, J. Xiong, Y. Ma, and X.-Y. Li. Towards flexible wireless charging for medical implants using distributed antenna system. In ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1--15. ACM, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Hossain, M. A. R. Ahad, T. Tazin, and S. Inoue. Activity recognition by using lorawan sensor. In ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers, pages 58--61. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Hossain, Y. Doi, T. Tazin, M. A. R. Ahad, and S. Inoue. Study of lorawan technology for activity recognition. In ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers, pages 1449--1453. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. Islam, M. T. Islam, and S. Nirjon. Feasibility of lora for indoor localization. on-line, from semanticscholar.org, pages 1--11, 2017.Google Scholar
- W. Jiang, H. Xue, C. Miao, S. Wang, S. Lin, C. Tian, S. Murali, H. Hu, Z. Sun, and L. Su. Towards 3d human pose construction using wifi. In Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1--14. ACM, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- K.-H. Ke, Q.-W. Liang, G.-J. Zeng, J.-H. Lin, and H.-C. Lee. A lora wireless mesh networking module for campus-scale monitoring: demo abstract. In ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), pages 259--260. ACM/IEEE, 2017.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Li, C. An, Z. Tian, A. T. Campbell, and X. Zhou. Human sensing using visible light communication. In ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 331--344. ACM, 2015.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Li, Q. Liu, and X. Zhou. Practical human sensing in the light. In International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), pages 71--84. ACM, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. C. Liando, A. Gamage, A. W. Tengourtius, and M. Li. Known and unknown facts of lora: Experiences from a large-scale measurement study. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 15(2):1--35, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Lien, N. Gillian, M. E. Karagozler, P. Amihood, C. Schwesig, E. Olson, H. Raja, and I. Poupyrev. Soli: Ubiquitous gesture sensing with millimeter wave radar. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 35(4):1--19, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, J. Yang, X. Chen, and J. Cheng. Tracking vital signs during sleep leveraging off-the-shelf wifi. In ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc), pages 267--276. ACM, 2015.Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Mao, M. Wang, W. Sun, L. Qiu, S. Pradhan, and Y.-C. Chen. Rnn-based room scale hand motion tracking. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1--16. ACM, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Nandakumar, V. Iyer, and S. Gollakota. 3d localization for sub-centimeter sized devices. In ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 108--119. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Niu, F. Zhang, J. Xiong, X. Li, E. Yi, and D. Zhang. Boosting fine-grained activity sensing by embracing wireless multipath effects. In International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CONEXT), pages 139--151. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Peng, L. Shangguan, Y. Hu, Y. Qian, X. Lin, X. Chen, D. Fang, and K. Jamieson. Plora: A passive long-range data network from ambient lora transmissions. In ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), pages 147--160. ACM, 2018.Google Scholar
- V. Talla, M. Hessar, B. Kellogg, A. Najafi, J. R. Smith, and S. Gollakota. Lora backscatter: Enabling the vision of ubiquitous connectivity. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 1(3):1--24, 2017.Google Scholar
- D. Vasisht, A. Jain, C.-Y. Hsu, Z. Kabelac, and D. Katabi. Duet: Estimating user position and identity in smart homes using intermittent and incomplete rf-data. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 2(2):1--21, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Wang and S. Gollakota. Millisonic: Pushing the limits of acoustic motion tracking. In ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI), pages 1--11. ACM, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Wang, L. Xie, W. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Bu, and S. Lu. Rf-ecg: Heart rate variability assessment based on cots rfid tag array. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 2(2):1--26, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Wang, Z. Li, and J. Han. Continuous user authentication by contactless wireless sensing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(5):8323--8331, 2019.Google ScholarCross Ref
- H. Wang, D. Zhang, J. Ma, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Wu, T. Gu, and B. Xie. Human respiration detection with commodity wifi devices: do user location and body orientation matter? In ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), pages 25--36. ACM, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Wang, L. Chang, S. Aggarwal, O. Abari, and S. Keshav. Soil moisture sensing with commodity rfid systems. In International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), pages 273--285. ACM, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Wang, H. Jiang, J. Xiong, K. Jamieson, X. Chen, D. Fang, and B. Xie. Lifs: low human-effort, device-free localization with fine-grained subcarrier information. In ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 243--256. ACM, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Wang, J. Xiong, H. Jiang, X. Chen, and D. Fang. D-watch: Embracing "bad" multipaths for device-free localization with cots rfid devices. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 25(6):3559--3572, 2017.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Wang, J. Zhang, R. Saha, H. Jin, and S. Kumar. Pushing the range limits of commercial passive rfids. In SENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (USENIX NSDI), pages 301--316, 2019.Google Scholar
- T. Wang, D. Zhang, Y. Zheng, T. Gu, X. Zhou, and B. Dorizzi. C-fmcw based contactless respiration detection using acoustic signal. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 1(4):1--20, 2018.Google Scholar
- W. Wang, A. X. Liu, M. Shahzad, K. Ling, and S. Lu. Understanding and modeling of wifi signal based human activity recognition. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 65--76. ACM, 2015.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Chen, M. Gruteser, J. Yang, and H. Liu. E-eyes: device-free location-oriented activity identification using fine-grained wifi signatures. In Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 617--628, 2014.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Wei and X. Zhang. mtrack: High-precision passive tracking using millimeter wave radios. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 117--129, 2015.Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Wu, F. Zhang, Y. Fan, and K. R. Liu. Rf-based inertial measurement. In ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), pages 117--129. ACM, 2019.Google Scholar
- B. Xie, J. Xiong, X. Chen, E. Chai, L. Li, Z. Tang, and D. Fang. Tagtag: material sensing with commodity rfid. In Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 338--350. ACM, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Xie, J. Xiong, M. Li, and K. Jamieson. md-track: Leveraging multi-dimensionality for passive indoor wi-fi tracking. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1--16. ACM, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Yang, Y. Feng, J. Xiong, Z. Chen, and X. Li. Rf-ear: Contactless multi-device vibration sensing and identification using cots rfid. In International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pages 1--10. IEEE, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Z. Yu and Z. Wang. Human Behavior Analysis: Sensing and Understanding. Springer, 2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Yue, H. He, H. Wang, H. Rahul, and D. Katabi. Extracting multi-person respiration from entangled rf signals. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 2(2):1--22, 2018.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Y. Zeng, D. Wu, J. Xiong, J. Liu, Z. Liu, and D. Zhang. Multisense: Enabling multi-person respiration sensing with commodity wifi. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 4(3):1--29, 2020.Google Scholar
- Y. Zeng, D. Wu, J. Xiong, E. Yi, R. Gao, and D. Zhang. Farsense: Pushing the range limit of wifi-based respiration sensing with csi ratio of two antennas. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 3(3):1--26, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Zhang, Z. Chang, K. Niu, J. Xiong, B. Jin, Q. Lv, and D. Zhang. Exploring lora for long-range through-wall sensing. ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), 4(2):1--27, 2020.Google Scholar
- J. Zhang, Z. Tang, M. Li, D. Fang, P. Nurmi, and Z. Wang. Crosssense: Towards cross-site and large-scale wifi sensing. In Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 305--320. ACM, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Combating interference for long range LoRa sensing
Recommendations
Unlocking the Beamforming Potential of LoRa for Long-range Multi-target Respiration Sensing
Despite extensive research effort in contact-free sensing using RF signals in the last few years, there still exist significant barriers preventing their wide adoptions. One key issue is the inability to sense multiple targets due to the intrinsic ...
Pushing the Limits of Long Range Wireless Sensing with LoRa
Wireless sensing is an exciting new research area which enables a large variety of applications ranging from coarse-grained daily activity recognition to fine-grained vital sign monitoring. While promising in many aspects, one critical issue is the ...
Exploring LoRa for Sensing
Wireless sensing received a great amount of attention in recent years and various wireless technologies have been exploited for sensing, including WiFi [1], RFID [2], ultrasound [3], 60 GHz mmWave [4] and visible light [5]. The key advantage of wireless ...
Comments